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二柄者，刑德也。何謂刑德？曰：殺戮之謂刑，慶賞之謂德。
The two handles are punishment and reward. What do these mean? Killing is called punishment; celebratory rewards are called beneficence.
zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes · Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed · CC BY-SA 4.0A route through this passage
35 Han characters · 24 distinct forms · 8 units separated by the witness’s punctuation
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明主之所導制其臣者，
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Investigate 8 written forms in this passage
Matched by spelling. These are candidate reading procedures, not assigned grammatical analyses.
明主之所導制其臣者，Focus on what an action concerns ↗明主之所導制其臣者，Name the one, thing, or situation ↗何謂刑德？Locate the unknown ↗Watch recurrence: 之 × 3 刑 × 3 德 × 3 謂 × 3 者 × 2 二 × 2. Repetition of a graph need not mean repetition of a sense.
Computed from this exact witness · 1 contextual editorial excerpt also available. The guide is a set of reading prompts, not a translation. Sources & methods
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1 · Explain it in your own words
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3 · Explain, then revisit
What local wording determines the sense of 德?
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The explanation 慶賞之謂德 identifies it with rewards here.
zimai editorial draft · not independently reviewed. Applies to 二柄者，刑德也。何謂刑德？曰：殺戮之謂刑，慶賞之謂德。
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Each connection states its purpose. Comparisons are editorial learning aids; shared wording alone does not prove influence.
Different contextual senses德 as an administrative handle and as virtueHanfeizi 7 explicitly defines 德 through rewards. Laozi 38 uses repeated 德 in a paradox about superior virtue. Displaying these together makes the need for passage-specific senses visible; the graph alone cannot choose an English gloss.
Shared wording
Computed exact phrases in the pinned witnesses. These links do not assign a sense or assert borrowing.
荀子 · 王霸篇第十一明主之所王，信立而霸，權謀立而亡。──三者、明主之所謹擇也，仁人之所務白也。
荀子 · 王霸篇第十一明主之所三者、明主之所以謹擇也，而仁人之所以務白也。善擇者制人，不善擇者人制之。
荀子 · 王霸篇第十一明主之所三者、明主之所以謹擇也，而仁人之所以務白也。
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Shared teaching construction · an editorial learning connection, not evidence of common authorship or origin.
論語 · Separate the topic from the comment夫子至於是邦也論語 · Separate the topic from the comment禮之用，和為貴論語 · Locate the unknown其斯之謂與論語 · Locate the unknown不敬，何以別乎Edition, source, and reuse
- Work
- 韓非子 · Hanfeizi
- Attribution
- Traditionally associated with Han Fei; authorship of individual chapters is not uniform or certain.
- Digital witness
- Kanseki Repository · KR3c0005 · base edition tls
- Contributors
- Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.
- Source position
- KR3c0005_007.txt, lines 15–22. HF 07.01:01; jiaoshi 179; jishi 111; jiaozhu 53; shiping 308
- Version
55418cf95c05d3bcc35e26bb568cf0a8da957332- Reuse
- CC BY-SA 4.0. Text extraction and teaching additions share this licence.
- Text policy
- Source spelling and punctuation retained. Encoding headers, page markers, paragraph markers, whitespace, and leading section numbers are removed from the reading view. No silent script conversion or textual correction.
- Teaching
- zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes. English renderings are excerpt-level reading aids, not a full published translation. Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed.
Source-file SHA-256: ec8fc1ed1aa0a229da3145dc5e59a1b4b51b4e95fe68ee962a5044ce7cce75f3. A source comment that cites a translator is an upstream reference, not the attribution of a translation imported here.