{"id":"hanfeizi-007-0001","work":"hanfeizi","chapter":"hanfeizi-007","chapterTitle":"二柄第七","chapterNumber":7,"ordinal":1,"text":"明主之所導制其臣者，二柄而已矣。二柄者，刑德也。何謂刑德？曰：殺戮之謂刑，慶賞之謂德。","source":{"repository":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR3c0005","commit":"55418cf95c05d3bcc35e26bb568cf0a8da957332","file":"KR3c0005_007.txt","lineStart":15,"lineEnd":22,"fileSha256":"ec8fc1ed1aa0a229da3145dc5e59a1b4b51b4e95fe68ee962a5044ce7cce75f3","edition":"tls","sourceLabels":["HF 07.01:01; jiaoshi 179; jishi 111; jiaozhu 53; shiping 308"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR3c0005/blob/55418cf95c05d3bcc35e26bb568cf0a8da957332/KR3c0005_007.txt#L15-L22","rawUrl":"/data/classical-0.12.0/sources/KR3c0005/KR3c0005_007.txt","author":"Traditionally associated with Han Fei; authorship of individual chapters is not uniform or certain.","contributor":"Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},"route":"/classical/passage/hanfeizi-007-0001/","notes":[{"id":"r115","passage":"hanfeizi-007-0001","quote":"二柄者，刑德也。何謂刑德？曰：殺戮之謂刑，慶賞之謂德。","focus":"德","start":16,"end":43,"focusStart":21,"topics":["topic","nominal","question"],"translation":"The two handles are punishment and reward. What do these mean? Killing is called punishment; celebratory rewards are called beneficence.","note":"The text supplies its own local definition of 德 through 慶賞. That administrative sense must not be replaced automatically by the virtue sense common elsewhere. The 何謂 question and following definitions are part of the argument, not a modern dictionary entry applying to every occurrence.","question":"What local wording determines the sense of 德?","answer":"The explanation 慶賞之謂德 identifies it with rewards here.","attribution":{"author":"zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes","status":"Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","revision":"0.12.0"}}],"previous":"hanfeizi-006-0042","next":"hanfeizi-007-0002","nearby":[{"id":"hanfeizi-007-0001","ordinal":1,"text":"明主之所導制其臣者，二柄而已矣。二柄者，刑德也。何謂刑德？曰：殺戮之謂刑，慶賞之謂德。","annotated":true},{"id":"hanfeizi-007-0002","ordinal":2,"text":"為人臣者畏誅罰而利慶賞，故人主自用其刑德，則群臣畏其威而歸其利矣。故世之姦臣則不然；所惡則能得之其主而罪之，所愛則能得之其主而賞之。","annotated":false},{"id":"hanfeizi-007-0003","ordinal":3,"text":"今人主非使賞罰之威利出於己也，聽其臣而行其賞罰，則一國之人皆畏其臣而易其君，歸其臣而去其君矣。此人主失刑德之患也。","annotated":false},{"id":"hanfeizi-007-0004","ordinal":4,"text":"夫虎之所以能服狗者，爪牙也。使虎釋其爪牙而使狗用之，則虎反服於狗矣。","annotated":false},{"id":"hanfeizi-007-0005","ordinal":5,"text":"人主者，以刑德制臣者也，今君人者釋其刑德而使臣用之，則君反制於臣矣。","annotated":false},{"id":"hanfeizi-007-0006","ordinal":6,"text":"故田常上請爵祿而行之群臣，下大斗斛而施於百姓，此簡公失德而田常用之也，故簡公見弒。","annotated":false},{"id":"hanfeizi-007-0007","ordinal":7,"text":"子罕謂宋君曰：「夫慶賞賜予者，民之所喜也，君自行之；殺戮刑罰者，民之所惡也，臣請當之。」","annotated":false},{"id":"hanfeizi-007-0008","ordinal":8,"text":"於是宋君失刑而子罕用之，故宋君見劫。","annotated":false},{"id":"hanfeizi-007-0009","ordinal":9,"text":"田常徒用德而簡公弒，子罕徒用刑而宋君劫。故今世為人臣者兼刑德而用之，則是世主之危甚於簡公、宋君也。","annotated":false}],"related":[{"id":"lunyu-001-0011","workTitle":"論語","text":"夫子至於是邦也","reason":"Separate the topic from the comment"},{"id":"lunyu-001-0013","workTitle":"論語","text":"禮之用，和為貴","reason":"Separate the topic from the comment"},{"id":"lunyu-001-0017","workTitle":"論語","text":"其斯之謂與","reason":"Locate the unknown"},{"id":"lunyu-002-0008","workTitle":"論語","text":"不敬，何以別乎","reason":"Locate the unknown"}],"knowledge":[],"connections":[{"id":"de-is-not-one-gloss","title":"德 as an administrative handle and as virtue","label":"Different contextual senses","reason":"Hanfeizi 7 explicitly defines 德 through rewards. Laozi 38 uses repeated 德 in a paradox about superior virtue. Displaying these together makes the need for passage-specific senses visible; the graph alone cannot choose an English gloss."}],"phraseConnections":[{"phrase":"明主之所","id":"xunzi-011-0003","route":"/classical/passage/xunzi-011-0003/","workTitle":"荀子","chapterTitle":"王霸篇第十一","text":"王，信立而霸，權謀立而亡。──三者、明主之所謹擇也，仁人之所務白也。","cross":true,"frequency":6},{"phrase":"明主之所","id":"xunzi-011-0018","route":"/classical/passage/xunzi-011-0018/","workTitle":"荀子","chapterTitle":"王霸篇第十一","text":"三者、明主之所以謹擇也，而仁人之所以務白也。善擇者制人，不善擇者人制之。","cross":true,"frequency":6},{"phrase":"明主之所","id":"xunzi-011-0021","route":"/classical/passage/xunzi-011-0021/","workTitle":"荀子","chapterTitle":"王霸篇第十一","text":"三者、明主之所以謹擇也，而仁人之所以務白也。","cross":true,"frequency":6}],"studyRecord":{"route":"/classical/passage/hanfeizi-007-0001/","text":"明主之所導制其臣者，二柄而已矣。二柄者，刑德也。何謂刑德？曰：殺戮之謂刑，慶賞之謂德。","kind":"passage","script":"Hant","definitions":["二柄者，刑德也。何謂刑德？曰：殺戮之謂刑，慶賞之謂德。 — The two handles are punishment and reward. What do these mean? Killing is called punishment; celebratory rewards are called beneficence."],"mandarin":"","cantonese":[],"characters":[],"edition":"韓非子 · 二柄第七 · 1","dataset":"Kanseki Repository · KR3c0005","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR3c0005/blob/55418cf95c05d3bcc35e26bb568cf0a8da957332/KR3c0005_007.txt#L15-L22","source":{"line":15,"recordSha256":"18f71e3e620f174f46c943fcb0a9281c426362b4fdff34bc2dbae0117e454d2a"},"classical":{"author":"Traditionally associated with Han Fei; authorship of individual chapters is not uniform or certain.","contributor":"Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.","source":{"repository":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR3c0005","commit":"55418cf95c05d3bcc35e26bb568cf0a8da957332","file":"KR3c0005_007.txt","lineStart":15,"lineEnd":22,"fileSha256":"ec8fc1ed1aa0a229da3145dc5e59a1b4b51b4e95fe68ee962a5044ce7cce75f3","edition":"tls","sourceLabels":["HF 07.01:01; jiaoshi 179; jishi 111; jiaozhu 53; shiping 308"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR3c0005/blob/55418cf95c05d3bcc35e26bb568cf0a8da957332/KR3c0005_007.txt#L15-L22","rawUrl":"/data/classical-0.12.0/sources/KR3c0005/KR3c0005_007.txt","author":"Traditionally associated with Han Fei; authorship of individual chapters is not uniform or certain.","contributor":"Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},"notes":[{"id":"r115","passage":"hanfeizi-007-0001","quote":"二柄者，刑德也。何謂刑德？曰：殺戮之謂刑，慶賞之謂德。","focus":"德","start":16,"end":43,"focusStart":21,"topics":["topic","nominal","question"],"translation":"The two handles are punishment and reward. What do these mean? Killing is called punishment; celebratory rewards are called beneficence.","note":"The text supplies its own local definition of 德 through 慶賞. That administrative sense must not be replaced automatically by the virtue sense common elsewhere. The 何謂 question and following definitions are part of the argument, not a modern dictionary entry applying to every occurrence.","question":"What local wording determines the sense of 德?","answer":"The explanation 慶賞之謂德 identifies it with rewards here.","attribution":{"author":"zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes","status":"Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","revision":"0.12.0"}}],"editorial":{"author":"zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes","status":"Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","revision":"0.12.0"},"interpretationScope":"English is provided only for the quoted teaching excerpt; source passage remains unchanged."}}}