德 as an administrative handle and as virtue
Hanfeizi 7 explicitly defines 德 through rewards. Laozi 38 uses repeated 德 in a paradox about superior virtue. Displaying these together makes the need for passage-specific senses visible; the graph alone cannot choose an English gloss.
慶賞之謂德The chapter specifies rewards as the relevant sense.
tls · CC BY-SA 4.0 · KR3c0005_007.txt, lines 15–22上德不德，是以有德The repeated word participates in a paradox, not that administrative definition.
tls · CC BY-SA 4.0 · KR5c0057_038.txt, lines 14–26Make the comparison explicit
Hanfeizi 7 explicitly defines 德 through rewards. Laozi 38 uses repeated 德 in a paradox about superior virtue. Displaying these together makes the need for passage-specific senses visible; the graph alone cannot choose an English gloss.
韓非子: The chapter specifies rewards as the relevant sense.
老子: The repeated word participates in a paradox, not that administrative definition.
Which passage supplies an explicit local definition?
Hanfeizi 7: 慶賞之謂德.
Shared words, images, or constructions do not by themselves establish common meaning, authorship, or origin. An explicit citation is identified only where the wording itself supports it.
zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes · Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed. Original learning material: CC BY-SA 4.0. Source text, scholarly reference, and editorial interpretation remain separately attributed.