Original source spelling · punctuation belongs to the digital witness · pronunciation tools follow your language focus.
A route through this passage
61 Han characters · 48 distinct forms · 9 units separated by the witness’s punctuation
- Establish the frame. Read the surrounding chapter. Who speaks, what is being discussed, and which earlier words supply the context?
- Test one unit.
紂刳比干，
Mark a possible predicate and its participants. Record what you have supplied rather than found explicitly in the text. - Reconstruct the argument. Connect the units in your own words. Where does a description, question, contrast, or consequence depend on your interpretation?
Investigate 8 written forms in this passage
Matched by spelling. These are candidate reading procedures, not assigned grammatical analyses.
然而周師至而令不行乎下，Read the relationship between clauses ↗然而周師至而令不行乎下，Keep different negatives apart ↗然而周師至而令不行乎下，Recognize a question or an exclamation ↗Watch recurrence: 其 × 4 不 × 4 之 × 2 刑 × 2 下 × 2 然 × 2. Repetition of a graph need not mean repetition of a sense.
Computed from this exact witness · Contextual interpretation awaits editorial review. The guide is a set of reading prompts, not a translation. Sources & methods
Make this passage yours.
Use the reading guide above, build your interpretation, then test what you can recover. Your notes and schedule stay on this device.
1 · Explain it in your own words
2 · Recover the wording
Select a source unit, then hide the passage and reconstruct it. This checks textual recall, not understanding.
3 · Explain, then revisit
Without the source in front of you, explain the passage’s main point and one choice you made in reading it. Then reopen the text and check the evidence.
Rate your understanding yourself. These reminders use a simple schedule; they do not certify mastery.
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Shared wording
Computed exact phrases in the pinned witnesses. These links do not assign a sense or assert borrowing.
詩經 · 園有桃能用其民而儉以嗇。不能用其民，而無德教，日以侵削，故作是詩也。
韓非子 · 愛臣第四不能用其故曰：人主不能用其富，則終於外也。此君人者之所識也。
韓非子 · 外儲說右下第三十五不能用其李兌之用趙也，餓殺主父。此二君者，皆不能用其椎鍛榜檠，故身死為戮，而為天下笑。
Follow a connection
Shared teaching construction · an editorial learning connection, not evidence of common authorship or origin.
Select a character to find its other occurrences in these texts.
Edition, source, and reuse
- Work
- 荀子 · Xunzi
- Attribution
- Traditionally associated with Xun Kuang; the received collection contains multiple textual layers.
- Digital witness
- Kanseki Repository · KR3a0002 · base edition tls
- Contributors
- Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.
- Source position
- KR3a0002_015.txt, lines 687–697. XUN 15:4:4, Beida p.244f; Knoblock 2:230
- Version
e18a27621ef434940a368defd29e00eee205dfd2- Reuse
- CC BY-SA 4.0. Text extraction and teaching additions share this licence.
- Text policy
- Source spelling and punctuation retained. Encoding headers, page markers, paragraph markers, whitespace, and leading section numbers are removed from the reading view. No silent script conversion or textual correction.
- Teaching
- zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes. English renderings are excerpt-level reading aids, not a full published translation. Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed.
Source-file SHA-256: cc20a24cee5f07ab28fc56f2e3864ee1fc8ea5578f2e2afabba9fdadec23f8ed. A source comment that cites a translator is an upstream reference, not the attribution of a translation imported here.