Original source spelling · punctuation belongs to the digital witness · pronunciation tools follow your language focus.
A route through this passage
49 Han characters · 34 distinct forms · 8 units separated by the witness’s punctuation
- Establish the frame. Read the surrounding chapter. Who speaks, what is being discussed, and which earlier words supply the context?
- Test one unit.
秦人、其生民也陿阸，
Mark a possible predicate and its participants. Record what you have supplied rather than found explicitly in the text. - Reconstruct the argument. Connect the units in your own words. Where does a description, question, contrast, or consequence depend on your interpretation?
Investigate 8 written forms in this passage
Matched by spelling. These are candidate reading procedures, not assigned grammatical analyses.
使天下之民所以要利於上者，Focus on what an action concerns ↗使天下之民所以要利於上者，Locate a relation ↗使天下之民所以要利於上者，Name the one, thing, or situation ↗Watch recurrence: 之 × 5 以 × 5 民 × 3 也 × 3 其 × 2 阸 × 2. Repetition of a graph need not mean repetition of a sense.
Computed from this exact witness · Contextual interpretation awaits editorial review. The guide is a set of reading prompts, not a translation. Sources & methods
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Use the reading guide above, build your interpretation, then test what you can recover. Your notes and schedule stay on this device.
1 · Explain it in your own words
2 · Recover the wording
Select a source unit, then hide the passage and reconstruct it. This checks textual recall, not understanding.
3 · Explain, then revisit
Without the source in front of you, explain the passage’s main point and one choice you made in reading it. Then reopen the text and check the evidence.
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Shared wording
Computed exact phrases in the pinned witnesses. These links do not assign a sense or assert borrowing.
韓非子 · 難三第三十八之民所以此魯君之所以劫也。且此亡王之俗，取魯之民所以自美，而穆公獨貴之，不亦倒乎？
韓非子 · 難三第三十八利於上者力盡於事，歸利於上者必聞，聞者必賞；汙穢為私者必知，知者必誅。然故忠臣盡忠於公，民士竭力於家，百官精剋於
論語 · 公冶長篇第五其使民也其行己也恭，其事上也敬，其養民也惠，其使民也義。」
Follow a connection
Shared teaching construction · an editorial learning connection, not evidence of common authorship or origin.
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Edition, source, and reuse
- Work
- 荀子 · Xunzi
- Attribution
- Traditionally associated with Xun Kuang; the received collection contains multiple textual layers.
- Digital witness
- Kanseki Repository · KR3a0002 · base edition tls
- Contributors
- Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.
- Source position
- KR3a0002_015.txt, lines 274–282. XUN 15:1d:4, Beida p.234; Knoblock 2:223
- Version
e18a27621ef434940a368defd29e00eee205dfd2- Reuse
- CC BY-SA 4.0. Text extraction and teaching additions share this licence.
- Text policy
- Source spelling and punctuation retained. Encoding headers, page markers, paragraph markers, whitespace, and leading section numbers are removed from the reading view. No silent script conversion or textual correction.
- Teaching
- zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes. English renderings are excerpt-level reading aids, not a full published translation. Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed.
Source-file SHA-256: cc20a24cee5f07ab28fc56f2e3864ee1fc8ea5578f2e2afabba9fdadec23f8ed. A source comment that cites a translator is an upstream reference, not the attribution of a translation imported here.