Hanfeizi · 難三第三十八
Read the witness. Inspect a construction. Follow the evidence.
Original source spelling · punctuation belongs to the digital witness · pronunciation tools follow your language focus.
A route through this passage
50 Han characters · 38 distinct forms · 7 units separated by the witness’s punctuation
- Establish the frame. Read the surrounding chapter. Who speaks, what is being discussed, and which earlier words supply the context?
- Test one unit.
人情皆喜貴而惡賤，
Mark a possible predicate and its participants. Record what you have supplied rather than found explicitly in the text. - Reconstruct the argument. Connect the units in your own words. Where does a description, question, contrast, or consequence depend on your interpretation?
Investigate 8 written forms in this passage
Matched by spelling. These are candidate reading procedures, not assigned grammatical analyses.
故季氏之亂成而不上聞，Follow an explicit inference ↗故季氏之亂成而不上聞，Keep different negatives apart ↗此魯君之所以劫也。Focus on what an action concerns ↗此魯君之所以劫也。Identify means, basis, and purpose ↗Watch recurrence: 之 × 5 而 × 3 貴 × 2 不 × 2 此 × 2 魯 × 2. Repetition of a graph need not mean repetition of a sense.
Computed from this exact witness · Contextual interpretation awaits editorial review. The guide is a set of reading prompts, not a translation. Sources & methods
Make this passage yours.
Use the reading guide above, build your interpretation, then test what you can recover. Your notes and schedule stay on this device.
1 · Explain it in your own words
2 · Recover the wording
Select a source unit, then hide the passage and reconstruct it. This checks textual recall, not understanding.
3 · Explain, then revisit
Without the source in front of you, explain the passage’s main point and one choice you made in reading it. Then reopen the text and check the evidence.
Rate your understanding yourself. These reminders use a simple schedule; they do not certify mastery.
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Shared wording
Computed exact phrases in the pinned witnesses. These links do not assign a sense or assert borrowing.
荀子 · 議兵篇第十五之民所以以阸，忸之以慶賞，鰌之以刑罰，使天下之民所以要利於上者，非鬭無由也。
孫子 · 謀攻篇君之所以輔也；輔周則國必強，輔隙則國必弱。故君之所以患於軍者三：不知軍之不可以進而謂之進，不知軍之不可以退而謂之退，是謂縻軍。不知三軍之
韓非子 · 愛臣第四君之所以居軍無私交，其府庫不得私貸於家。此明君之所以禁其邪。
Follow a connection
Shared teaching construction · an editorial learning connection, not evidence of common authorship or origin.
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Edition, source, and reuse
- Work
- 韓非子 · Hanfeizi
- Attribution
- Traditionally associated with Han Fei; authorship of individual chapters is not uniform or certain.
- Digital witness
- Kanseki Repository · KR3c0005 · base edition tls
- Contributors
- Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.
- Source position
- KR3c0005_038.txt, lines 61–69. HF 38.02:03 [2]; jiaoshi 347; jishii44; jiaozhu 537; shiping 1418
- Version
55418cf95c05d3bcc35e26bb568cf0a8da957332- Reuse
- CC BY-SA 4.0. Text extraction and teaching additions share this licence.
- Text policy
- Source spelling and punctuation retained. Encoding headers, page markers, paragraph markers, whitespace, and leading section numbers are removed from the reading view. No silent script conversion or textual correction.
- Teaching
- zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes. English renderings are excerpt-level reading aids, not a full published translation. Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed.
Source-file SHA-256: 7972e00e29700d4410456189b0cc7a31d5111bc0ba4f4f362d82aa7b18301fc4. A source comment that cites a translator is an upstream reference, not the attribution of a translation imported here.