Analects · 為政篇第二
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Original source spelling · punctuation belongs to the digital witness · pronunciation tools follow your language focus.
人而無信，不知其可也
If a person lacks trustworthiness, I do not know how that can work.
zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes · Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed · CC BY-SA 4.0A route through this passage
25 Han characters · 21 distinct forms · 6 units separated by the witness’s punctuation
- Establish the frame. Read the surrounding chapter. Who speaks, what is being discussed, and which earlier words supply the context?
- Test one unit.
「人而無信，
Mark a possible predicate and its participants. Record what you have supplied rather than found explicitly in the text. - Reconstruct the argument. Connect the units in your own words. Where does a description, question, contrast, or consequence depend on your interpretation?
Investigate 8 written forms in this passage
Matched by spelling. These are candidate reading procedures, not assigned grammatical analyses.
Watch recurrence: 無 × 3 其 × 2 車 × 2. Repetition of a graph need not mean repetition of a sense.
Computed from this exact witness · 1 contextual editorial excerpt also available. The guide is a set of reading prompts, not a translation. Sources & methods
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Use the reading guide above, build your interpretation, then test what you can recover. Your notes and schedule stay on this device.
1 · Explain it in your own words
2 · Recover the wording
Select a source unit, then hide the passage and reconstruct it. This checks textual recall, not understanding.
3 · Explain, then revisit
Is the first clause naturally read as an ordinary list?
Compare the editorial answer
No. It sets up a case or condition for the judgment that follows.
zimai editorial draft · not independently reviewed. Applies to 人而無信，不知其可也
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Shared teaching construction · an editorial learning connection, not evidence of common authorship or origin.
孟子 · Read the relationship between clauses苟為後義而先利孟子 · Keep different negatives apart未有仁而遺其親者也孟子 · Read the relationship between clauses或百步而後止，或五十步而後止孟子 · Keep different negatives apart直不百步耳，是亦走也Edition, source, and reuse
- Work
- 論語 · Analects
- Attribution
- Traditionally associated with Confucius and his disciples; compiled across generations.
- Digital witness
- Kanseki Repository · KR1h0004 · base edition CHANT
- Contributors
- Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.
- Source position
- KR1h0004_002.txt, lines 192–197. LY 02.22; tr. CH
- Version
89b65734d4386e2478179c77741a968bfc627abb- Reuse
- CC BY-SA 4.0. Text extraction and teaching additions share this licence.
- Text policy
- Source spelling and punctuation retained. Encoding headers, page markers, paragraph markers, whitespace, and leading section numbers are removed from the reading view. No silent script conversion or textual correction.
- Teaching
- zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes. English renderings are excerpt-level reading aids, not a full published translation. Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed.
Source-file SHA-256: e589385d59f9a7cf8c205b706c5a76477d44991e9ec8160278ebe98e750c0364. A source comment that cites a translator is an upstream reference, not the attribution of a translation imported here.