{"id":"lunyu-002-0023","work":"lunyu","chapter":"lunyu-002","chapterTitle":"為政篇第二","chapterNumber":2,"ordinal":23,"text":"子曰：「人而無信，不知其可也。大車無輗，小車無軏，其何以行之哉？」","source":{"repository":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR1h0004","commit":"89b65734d4386e2478179c77741a968bfc627abb","file":"KR1h0004_002.txt","lineStart":192,"lineEnd":197,"fileSha256":"e589385d59f9a7cf8c205b706c5a76477d44991e9ec8160278ebe98e750c0364","edition":"CHANT","sourceLabels":["LY 02.22; tr. CH"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR1h0004/blob/89b65734d4386e2478179c77741a968bfc627abb/KR1h0004_002.txt#L192-L197","rawUrl":"/data/classical-0.12.0/sources/KR1h0004/KR1h0004_002.txt","author":"Traditionally associated with Confucius and his disciples; compiled across generations.","contributor":"Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},"route":"/classical/passage/lunyu-002-0023/","notes":[{"id":"r038","passage":"lunyu-002-0023","quote":"人而無信，不知其可也","focus":"而","start":4,"end":14,"focusStart":5,"topics":["er","negation","qi"],"translation":"If a person lacks trustworthiness, I do not know how that can work.","note":"The initial clause sets up a hypothetical case; 而 does not need a literal “and”. The second clause evaluates its viability. The following cart image makes the argument concrete but does not establish a lexical identity between trust and a cart fitting.","question":"Is the first clause naturally read as an ordinary list?","answer":"No. It sets up a case or condition for the judgment that follows.","attribution":{"author":"zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes","status":"Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","revision":"0.12.0"}}],"previous":"lunyu-002-0022","next":"lunyu-002-0024","nearby":[{"id":"lunyu-002-0017","ordinal":17,"text":"子曰：「攻乎異端，斯害也已。」","annotated":false},{"id":"lunyu-002-0018","ordinal":18,"text":"子曰：「由！誨女知之乎！知之為知之，不知為不知，是知也。」","annotated":true},{"id":"lunyu-002-0019","ordinal":19,"text":"子張學干祿。子曰：「多聞闕疑，慎言其餘，則寡尤；多見闕殆，慎行其餘，則寡悔。言寡尤，行寡悔，祿在其中矣。」","annotated":true},{"id":"lunyu-002-0020","ordinal":20,"text":"哀公問曰：「何為則民服？」孔子對曰：「舉直錯諸枉，則民服；舉枉錯諸直，則民不服。」","annotated":true},{"id":"lunyu-002-0021","ordinal":21,"text":"季康子問：「使民敬、忠以勸，如之何？」子曰：「臨之以莊，則敬；孝慈，則忠；舉善而教不能，則勸。」","annotated":true},{"id":"lunyu-002-0022","ordinal":22,"text":"或謂孔子曰：「子奚不為政？」子曰：「《書》云：『孝乎惟孝，友于兄弟，施於有政。』是亦為政，奚其為為政？」","annotated":false},{"id":"lunyu-002-0023","ordinal":23,"text":"子曰：「人而無信，不知其可也。大車無輗，小車無軏，其何以行之哉？」","annotated":true},{"id":"lunyu-002-0024","ordinal":24,"text":"子張問：「十世可知也？」子曰：「殷因於夏禮，所損益，可知也；周因於殷禮，所損益，可知也。其或繼周者，雖百世可知也。」","annotated":true},{"id":"lunyu-002-0025","ordinal":25,"text":"子曰：「非其鬼而祭之，諂也。見義不為，無勇也。」","annotated":true}],"related":[{"id":"mengzi-001-0003","workTitle":"孟子","text":"苟為後義而先利","reason":"Read the relationship between clauses"},{"id":"mengzi-001-0004","workTitle":"孟子","text":"未有仁而遺其親者也","reason":"Keep different negatives apart"},{"id":"mengzi-001-0014","workTitle":"孟子","text":"或百步而後止，或五十步而後止","reason":"Read the relationship between clauses"},{"id":"mengzi-001-0015","workTitle":"孟子","text":"直不百步耳，是亦走也","reason":"Keep different negatives apart"}],"knowledge":[],"connections":[],"phraseConnections":[],"studyRecord":{"route":"/classical/passage/lunyu-002-0023/","text":"子曰：「人而無信，不知其可也。大車無輗，小車無軏，其何以行之哉？」","kind":"passage","script":"Hant","definitions":["人而無信，不知其可也 — If a person lacks trustworthiness, I do not know how that can work."],"mandarin":"","cantonese":[],"characters":[],"edition":"論語 · 為政篇第二 · 23","dataset":"Kanseki Repository · KR1h0004","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR1h0004/blob/89b65734d4386e2478179c77741a968bfc627abb/KR1h0004_002.txt#L192-L197","source":{"line":192,"recordSha256":"b94f4ddece429c238b2c25dcac9b80076c8ae3933b6009abeaf819779744cab2"},"classical":{"author":"Traditionally associated with Confucius and his disciples; compiled across generations.","contributor":"Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.","source":{"repository":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR1h0004","commit":"89b65734d4386e2478179c77741a968bfc627abb","file":"KR1h0004_002.txt","lineStart":192,"lineEnd":197,"fileSha256":"e589385d59f9a7cf8c205b706c5a76477d44991e9ec8160278ebe98e750c0364","edition":"CHANT","sourceLabels":["LY 02.22; tr. CH"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR1h0004/blob/89b65734d4386e2478179c77741a968bfc627abb/KR1h0004_002.txt#L192-L197","rawUrl":"/data/classical-0.12.0/sources/KR1h0004/KR1h0004_002.txt","author":"Traditionally associated with Confucius and his disciples; compiled across generations.","contributor":"Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},"notes":[{"id":"r038","passage":"lunyu-002-0023","quote":"人而無信，不知其可也","focus":"而","start":4,"end":14,"focusStart":5,"topics":["er","negation","qi"],"translation":"If a person lacks trustworthiness, I do not know how that can work.","note":"The initial clause sets up a hypothetical case; 而 does not need a literal “and”. The second clause evaluates its viability. The following cart image makes the argument concrete but does not establish a lexical identity between trust and a cart fitting.","question":"Is the first clause naturally read as an ordinary list?","answer":"No. It sets up a case or condition for the judgment that follows.","attribution":{"author":"zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes","status":"Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","revision":"0.12.0"}}],"editorial":{"author":"zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes","status":"Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","revision":"0.12.0"},"interpretationScope":"English is provided only for the quoted teaching excerpt; source passage remains unchanged."}}}