Laozi · Daodejing · 第十八章
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Original source spelling · punctuation belongs to the digital witness · pronunciation tools follow your language focus.
大道廢，安有仁義
When the great way is abandoned—how then do benevolence and righteousness stand?
zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes · Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed · CC BY-SA 4.0A route through this passage
30 Han characters · 23 distinct forms · 8 units separated by the witness’s punctuation
- Establish the frame. Read the surrounding chapter. Who speaks, what is being discussed, and which earlier words supply the context?
- Test one unit.
安有仁義。
Mark a possible predicate and its participants. Record what you have supplied rather than found explicitly in the text. - Reconstruct the argument. Connect the units in your own words. Where does a description, question, contrast, or consequence depend on your interpretation?
Investigate 2 written forms in this passage
Matched by spelling. These are candidate reading procedures, not assigned grammatical analyses.
Watch recurrence: 安 × 4 有 × 4 大 × 2. Repetition of a graph need not mean repetition of a sense.
Computed from this exact witness · 1 contextual editorial excerpt also available. The guide is a set of reading prompts, not a translation. Sources & methods
Make this passage yours.
Use the reading guide above, build your interpretation, then test what you can recover. Your notes and schedule stay on this device.
1 · Explain it in your own words
2 · Recover the wording
Select a source unit, then hide the passage and reconstruct it. This checks textual recall, not understanding.
3 · Explain, then revisit
Why should a familiar wording not replace 安 here?
Compare the editorial answer
That would conceal a substantive textual and interpretive issue in this witness.
zimai editorial draft · not independently reviewed. Applies to 大道廢，安有仁義
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Each connection states its purpose. Comparisons are editorial learning aids; shared wording alone does not prove influence.
Textual evidenceDo not silently harmonize a familiar quotationKeep 安有 and 說 as supplied by the selected witnesses; a normalized search representation is a separate layer.
A question to take further
Follow a connection
Shared teaching construction · an editorial learning connection, not evidence of common authorship or origin.
論語 · Let parallel clauses constrain a reading巧言令色，鮮矣仁論語 · Let parallel clauses constrain a reading父在，觀其志；父沒，觀其行論語 · Locate the unknown其斯之謂與論語 · Let parallel clauses constrain a reading道之以政，齊之以刑Edition, source, and reuse
- Work
- 老子 · Laozi · Daodejing
- Attribution
- Traditionally attributed to Laozi; composition and textual history are debated.
- Digital witness
- Kanseki Repository · KR5c0057 · base edition tls
- Contributors
- Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.
- Source position
- KR5c0057_018.txt, lines 14–21. LAO 18.1; tr. D.C. Lau 19i2: 27; here tr. Karlgren 1975
- Version
8f585085ff4ef2580eeb0f4376a763a62bcc7a95- Reuse
- CC BY-SA 4.0. Text extraction and teaching additions share this licence.
- Text policy
- Source spelling and punctuation retained. Encoding headers, page markers, paragraph markers, whitespace, and leading section numbers are removed from the reading view. No silent script conversion or textual correction.
- Teaching
- zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes. English renderings are excerpt-level reading aids, not a full published translation. Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed.
Source-file SHA-256: 79a9e59783dba644655bbc37eb4d2c11f96aece47befd8dc569731b1fdb537f8. A source comment that cites a translator is an upstream reference, not the attribution of a translation imported here.