Original source spelling · punctuation belongs to the digital witness · pronunciation tools follow your language focus.
A route through this passage
59 Han characters · 43 distinct forms · 5 units separated by the witness’s punctuation
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- Test one unit.
天非私齊、魯之民而外秦人也，
Mark a possible predicate and its participants. Record what you have supplied rather than found explicitly in the text. - Reconstruct the argument. Connect the units in your own words. Where does a description, question, contrast, or consequence depend on your interpretation?
Investigate 8 written forms in this passage
Matched by spelling. These are candidate reading procedures, not assigned grammatical analyses.
天非私齊、魯之民而外秦人也，Keep different negatives apart ↗天非私齊、魯之民而外秦人也，Read the relationship between clauses ↗然而秦人於父子之義、夫婦之別不如齊、魯之孝共敬文者，Locate a relation ↗然而秦人於父子之義、夫婦之別不如齊、魯之孝共敬文者，Keep different negatives apart ↗然而秦人於父子之義、夫婦之別不如齊、魯之孝共敬文者，Name the one, thing, or situation ↗Watch recurrence: 之 × 5 秦 × 3 人 × 3 也 × 3 齊 × 2 魯 × 2. Repetition of a graph need not mean repetition of a sense.
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Shared wording
Computed exact phrases in the pinned witnesses. These links do not assign a sense or assert borrowing.
荀子 · 天論篇第十七夫婦之別而不治也。』若夫君臣之義、父子之親、夫婦之別，則日切瑳而不舍也。」
荀子 · 性惡篇第二十三於禮義故厚於孝之實而全於孝之名者，何也？以綦於禮義故也。
荀子 · 性惡篇第二十三父子之義然則塗之人也，且內不可以知父子之義，外不可以知君臣之正。（
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Edition, source, and reuse
- Work
- 荀子 · Xunzi
- Attribution
- Traditionally associated with Xun Kuang; the received collection contains multiple textual layers.
- Digital witness
- Kanseki Repository · KR3a0002 · base edition tls
- Contributors
- Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.
- Source position
- KR3a0002_023.txt, lines 517–523. XUN 23.13.01; 23:4a, Knoblock 3:157
- Version
e18a27621ef434940a368defd29e00eee205dfd2- Reuse
- CC BY-SA 4.0. Text extraction and teaching additions share this licence.
- Text policy
- Source spelling and punctuation retained. Encoding headers, page markers, paragraph markers, whitespace, and leading section numbers are removed from the reading view. No silent script conversion or textual correction.
- Teaching
- zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes. English renderings are excerpt-level reading aids, not a full published translation. Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed.
Source-file SHA-256: bcd4df887e25970e3d73b080850805203c9b48d48611e949f8849ad461d2e895. A source comment that cites a translator is an upstream reference, not the attribution of a translation imported here.