Original source spelling · punctuation belongs to the digital witness · pronunciation tools follow your language focus.
A route through this passage
43 Han characters · 37 distinct forms · 7 units separated by the witness’s punctuation
- Establish the frame. Read the surrounding chapter. Who speaks, what is being discussed, and which earlier words supply the context?
- Test one unit.
故齊桓、晉文、楚莊、吳闔閭、越句踐，
Mark a possible predicate and its participants. Record what you have supplied rather than found explicitly in the text. - Reconstruct the argument. Connect the units in your own words. Where does a description, question, contrast, or consequence depend on your interpretation?
Investigate 7 written forms in this passage
Matched by spelling. These are candidate reading procedures, not assigned grammatical analyses.
故齊桓、晉文、楚莊、吳闔閭、越句踐，Follow an explicit inference ↗──是所謂信立而霸也。Focus on what an action concerns ↗──是所謂信立而霸也。Read the relationship between clauses ↗Watch recurrence: 也 × 3 故 × 2 是 × 2 國 × 2 信 × 2. Repetition of a graph need not mean repetition of a sense.
Computed from this exact witness · Contextual interpretation awaits editorial review. The guide is a set of reading prompts, not a translation. Sources & methods
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Use the reading guide above, build your interpretation, then test what you can recover. Your notes and schedule stay on this device.
1 · Explain it in your own words
2 · Recover the wording
Select a source unit, then hide the passage and reconstruct it. This checks textual recall, not understanding.
3 · Explain, then revisit
Without the source in front of you, explain the passage’s main point and one choice you made in reading it. Then reopen the text and check the evidence.
Rate your understanding yourself. These reminders use a simple schedule; they do not certify mastery.
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Shared wording
Computed exact phrases in the pinned witnesses. These links do not assign a sense or assert borrowing.
荀子 · 王霸篇第十一信立而霸故用國者、義立而王，信立而霸，權謀立而亡。──三者、明主之所謹擇也，仁人之所務白也。
荀子 · 王霸篇第十一僻陋之國國一綦明，與國信之，雖末在僻陋之國，威動天下，五伯是也。
荀子 · 彊國篇第十六彊殆中國海而固常山，是地徧天下也。威動海內，彊殆中國，此所謂廣大乎舜、禹也。
Follow a connection
Shared teaching construction · an editorial learning connection, not evidence of common authorship or origin.
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Edition, source, and reuse
- Work
- 荀子 · Xunzi
- Attribution
- Traditionally associated with Xun Kuang; the received collection contains multiple textual layers.
- Digital witness
- Kanseki Repository · KR3a0002 · base edition tls
- Contributors
- Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.
- Source position
- KR3a0002_011.txt, lines 151–157. XUN 11:1c:5, Beida p.164f; Knoblock 2:1512
- Version
e18a27621ef434940a368defd29e00eee205dfd2- Reuse
- CC BY-SA 4.0. Text extraction and teaching additions share this licence.
- Text policy
- Source spelling and punctuation retained. Encoding headers, page markers, paragraph markers, whitespace, and leading section numbers are removed from the reading view. No silent script conversion or textual correction.
- Teaching
- zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes. English renderings are excerpt-level reading aids, not a full published translation. Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed.
Source-file SHA-256: 0c7e4ec785ef57e191f984fc5415184c719dc190e1f67c14d32d0d3e6afba882. A source comment that cites a translator is an upstream reference, not the attribution of a translation imported here.