Hanfeizi · 制分第五十五
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治國者莫不有法，然而有存有亡
Those who govern states all have standards, yet some states survive and some perish.
zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes · Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed · CC BY-SA 4.0A route through this passage
44 Han characters · 25 distinct forms · 8 units separated by the witness’s punctuation
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- Test one unit.
故治亂之理，
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Investigate 8 written forms in this passage
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Watch recurrence: 有 × 4 治 × 3 分 × 3 刑 × 3 賞 × 3 者 × 3. Repetition of a graph need not mean repetition of a sense.
Computed from this exact witness · 1 contextual editorial excerpt also available. The guide is a set of reading prompts, not a translation. Sources & methods
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What inference does 然而 prevent?
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That the mere existence of standards guarantees a state's survival.
zimai editorial draft · not independently reviewed. Applies to 治國者莫不有法，然而有存有亡
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Each connection states its purpose. Comparisons are editorial learning aids; shared wording alone does not prove influence.
Argument contrastWhy having rules is not the whole argumentSunzi places punishment within a sequence involving attachment and discipline. Hanfeizi distinguishes possessing standards from the arrangements that produce different outcomes. Both require reading beyond a slogan, though they propose different accounts of effective government.
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Shared teaching construction · an editorial learning connection, not evidence of common authorship or origin.
論語 · Read the relationship between clauses學而時習之論語 · Keep different negatives apart未之有也論語 · Read the relationship between clauses本立而道生論語 · Name the one, thing, or situation未若貧而樂道，富而好禮者也Edition, source, and reuse
- Work
- 韓非子 · Hanfeizi
- Attribution
- Traditionally associated with Han Fei; authorship of individual chapters is not uniform or certain.
- Digital witness
- Kanseki Repository · KR3c0005 · base edition tls
- Contributors
- Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.
- Source position
- KR3c0005_055.txt, lines 46–54. HF 55.02:01; jiaoshi i31; jishi 1141; jiaozhu 719; shiping 1860
- Version
55418cf95c05d3bcc35e26bb568cf0a8da957332- Reuse
- CC BY-SA 4.0. Text extraction and teaching additions share this licence.
- Text policy
- Source spelling and punctuation retained. Encoding headers, page markers, paragraph markers, whitespace, and leading section numbers are removed from the reading view. No silent script conversion or textual correction.
- Teaching
- zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes. English renderings are excerpt-level reading aids, not a full published translation. Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed.
Source-file SHA-256: 8ce886b93a83ffc3783d8467b3795f23468c1787232bcc142873bdae858ae6c9. A source comment that cites a translator is an upstream reference, not the attribution of a translation imported here.