Hanfeizi · 詭使第四十五
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Original source spelling · punctuation belongs to the digital witness · pronunciation tools follow your language focus.
A route through this passage
59 Han characters · 46 distinct forms · 8 units separated by the witness’s punctuation
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上之所以立廉恥者，
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Investigate 8 written forms in this passage
Matched by spelling. These are candidate reading procedures, not assigned grammatical analyses.
上之所以立廉恥者，Focus on what an action concerns ↗上之所以立廉恥者，Identify means, basis, and purpose ↗上之所以立廉恥者，Name the one, thing, or situation ↗今士大夫不羞汙泥醜辱而宦，Keep different negatives apart ↗今士大夫不羞汙泥醜辱而宦，Read the relationship between clauses ↗Watch recurrence: 而 × 4 之 × 3 所 × 3 以 × 3 也 × 2 士 × 2. Repetition of a graph need not mean repetition of a sense.
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Shared wording
Computed exact phrases in the pinned witnesses. These links do not assign a sense or assert borrowing.
荀子 · 王制篇第九不待次而請問為政？曰：賢能不待次而舉，罷不能不待頃而廢，元惡不待教而誅，中庸雜民不待政而化。分未定也，則有昭繆也。雖王
莊子 · 天道第十三上之所以名比詳，古人有之，此下之所以事上，非上之所以畜下也。
荀子 · 王制篇第九之所以立用萬乘之國者，威彊之所以立也，名聲之所以美也，敵人之所以屈也，國之所以安危臧否也，制與在此，亡乎人。王、霸、安
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Edition, source, and reuse
- Work
- 韓非子 · Hanfeizi
- Attribution
- Traditionally associated with Han Fei; authorship of individual chapters is not uniform or certain.
- Digital witness
- Kanseki Repository · KR3c0005 · base edition tls
- Contributors
- Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.
- Source position
- KR3c0005_045.txt, lines 286–295. HF 45.05:10; jiaoshi 108; jishi 939; jiaozhu 615; shiping 1564;
- Version
55418cf95c05d3bcc35e26bb568cf0a8da957332- Reuse
- CC BY-SA 4.0. Text extraction and teaching additions share this licence.
- Text policy
- Source spelling and punctuation retained. Encoding headers, page markers, paragraph markers, whitespace, and leading section numbers are removed from the reading view. No silent script conversion or textual correction.
- Teaching
- zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes. English renderings are excerpt-level reading aids, not a full published translation. Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed.
Source-file SHA-256: 2b4945503d202bcffa662c07ac9a20dfe0dc2bd246f20b280824e0c2267db62a. A source comment that cites a translator is an upstream reference, not the attribution of a translation imported here.