Original source spelling · punctuation belongs to the digital witness · pronunciation tools follow your language focus.
A route through this passage
87 Han characters · 57 distinct forms · 13 units separated by the witness’s punctuation
- Establish the frame. Read the surrounding chapter. Who speaks, what is being discussed, and which earlier words supply the context?
- Test one unit.
昔人臣之蔽者，
Mark a possible predicate and its participants. Record what you have supplied rather than found explicitly in the text. - Reconstruct the argument. Connect the units in your own words. Where does a description, question, contrast, or consequence depend on your interpretation?
Investigate 8 written forms in this passage
Matched by spelling. These are candidate reading procedures, not assigned grammatical analyses.
唐鞅蔽於欲權而逐載子，Locate a relation ↗唐鞅蔽於欲權而逐載子，Read the relationship between clauses ↗故以貪鄙、背叛、爭權而不危辱滅亡者，Follow an explicit inference ↗Watch recurrence: 而 × 5 蔽 × 4 於 × 4 之 × 3 唐 × 3 鞅 × 3. Repetition of a graph need not mean repetition of a sense.
Computed from this exact witness · Contextual interpretation awaits editorial review. The guide is a set of reading prompts, not a translation. Sources & methods
Make this passage yours.
Use the reading guide above, build your interpretation, then test what you can recover. Your notes and schedule stay on this device.
1 · Explain it in your own words
2 · Recover the wording
Select a source unit, then hide the passage and reconstruct it. This checks textual recall, not understanding.
3 · Explain, then revisit
Without the source in front of you, explain the passage’s main point and one choice you made in reading it. Then reopen the text and check the evidence.
Rate your understanding yourself. These reminders use a simple schedule; they do not certify mastery.
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Shared wording
Computed exact phrases in the pinned witnesses. These links do not assign a sense or assert borrowing.
莊子 · 人間世第四身為刑戮堯攻叢枝、胥敖，禹攻有扈，國為虛厲，身為刑戮，其用兵不止，其求實无已。是皆求名實者也，而獨不聞之乎？名實者，聖人之所不能勝也，而
老子 · 第二十一章自古及今冥兮，其中有精。其精甚真，其中有信。自古及今，其名不去，以閱眾甫。
荀子 · 儒效篇第八然而不知》、《書》；其衣冠行偽已同於世俗矣，然而不知惡（者）；
Follow a connection
Shared teaching construction · an editorial learning connection, not evidence of common authorship or origin.
Select a character to find its other occurrences in these texts.
Edition, source, and reuse
- Work
- 荀子 · Xunzi
- Attribution
- Traditionally associated with Xun Kuang; the received collection contains multiple textual layers.
- Digital witness
- Kanseki Repository · KR3a0002 · base edition tls
- Contributors
- Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.
- Source position
- KR3a0002_021.txt, lines 136–148. XUN 21:3:1, Beida p.347;Knoblock 3:101f
- Version
e18a27621ef434940a368defd29e00eee205dfd2- Reuse
- CC BY-SA 4.0. Text extraction and teaching additions share this licence.
- Text policy
- Source spelling and punctuation retained. Encoding headers, page markers, paragraph markers, whitespace, and leading section numbers are removed from the reading view. No silent script conversion or textual correction.
- Teaching
- zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes. English renderings are excerpt-level reading aids, not a full published translation. Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed.
Source-file SHA-256: 8021f00e9aa6a4c9680bcd1deb1d6df5a1c2ffc5d1dc4a1377b05ea00a478a34. A source comment that cites a translator is an upstream reference, not the attribution of a translation imported here.