Original source spelling · punctuation belongs to the digital witness · pronunciation tools follow your language focus.
A route through this passage
79 Han characters · 42 distinct forms · 11 units separated by the witness’s punctuation
- Establish the frame. Read the surrounding chapter. Who speaks, what is being discussed, and which earlier words supply the context?
- Test one unit.
觀國之強弱貧富有徵：
Mark a possible predicate and its participants. Record what you have supplied rather than found explicitly in the text. - Reconstruct the argument. Connect the units in your own words. Where does a description, question, contrast, or consequence depend on your interpretation?
Investigate 4 written forms in this passage
Matched by spelling. These are candidate reading procedures, not assigned grammatical analyses.
Watch recurrence: 則 × 10 國 × 6 弱 × 6 貧 × 6 不 × 5 兵 × 5. Repetition of a graph need not mean repetition of a sense.
Computed from this exact witness · Contextual interpretation awaits editorial review. The guide is a set of reading prompts, not a translation. Sources & methods
Make this passage yours.
Use the reading guide above, build your interpretation, then test what you can recover. Your notes and schedule stay on this device.
1 · Explain it in your own words
2 · Recover the wording
Select a source unit, then hide the passage and reconstruct it. This checks textual recall, not understanding.
3 · Explain, then revisit
Without the source in front of you, explain the passage’s main point and one choice you made in reading it. Then reopen the text and check the evidence.
Rate your understanding yourself. These reminders use a simple schedule; they do not certify mastery.
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Shared wording
Computed exact phrases in the pinned witnesses. These links do not assign a sense or assert borrowing.
韓非子 · 六反第四十六上不愛民道書筴之頌語，不察當世之實事，曰：「上不愛民，賦斂常重，則用不足而下怨上，故天下大亂。」此以為足其財用以加愛焉，雖輕刑罰，可以治
韓非子 · 飭令第五十三上不愛民重刑少賞，上愛民，民死賞；多賞輕刑，上不愛民，民不死賞。利出一空者，其國無敵；利出二空者，其兵半用；
荀子 · 王霸篇第十一制數度量以是周挾於萬物，尺寸尋丈，莫得不循乎制數度量，然後行，則是官人使吏之事也，不足數於大君子之前。
Follow a connection
Shared teaching construction · an editorial learning connection, not evidence of common authorship or origin.
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Edition, source, and reuse
- Work
- 荀子 · Xunzi
- Attribution
- Traditionally associated with Xun Kuang; the received collection contains multiple textual layers.
- Digital witness
- Kanseki Repository · KR3a0002 · base edition tls
- Contributors
- Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.
- Source position
- KR3a0002_010.txt, lines 783–793. XUN 10:13:1, Beida p.155;Knoblock 2:134
- Version
e18a27621ef434940a368defd29e00eee205dfd2- Reuse
- CC BY-SA 4.0. Text extraction and teaching additions share this licence.
- Text policy
- Source spelling and punctuation retained. Encoding headers, page markers, paragraph markers, whitespace, and leading section numbers are removed from the reading view. No silent script conversion or textual correction.
- Teaching
- zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes. English renderings are excerpt-level reading aids, not a full published translation. Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed.
Source-file SHA-256: 5f2417001666528e341a77e31ee460989eb0b20f7824c8818008781da725c67d. A source comment that cites a translator is an upstream reference, not the attribution of a translation imported here.