Original source spelling · punctuation belongs to the digital witness · pronunciation tools follow your language focus.
A route through this passage
36 Han characters · 27 distinct forms · 5 units separated by the witness’s punctuation
- Establish the frame. Read the surrounding chapter. Who speaks, what is being discussed, and which earlier words supply the context?
- Test one unit.
「孔子登東山而小魯，
Mark a possible predicate and its participants. Record what you have supplied rather than found explicitly in the text. - Reconstruct the argument. Connect the units in your own words. Where does a description, question, contrast, or consequence depend on your interpretation?
Investigate 6 written forms in this passage
Matched by spelling. These are candidate reading procedures, not assigned grammatical analyses.
「孔子登東山而小魯，Read the relationship between clauses ↗故觀於海者難為水，Follow an explicit inference ↗故觀於海者難為水，Locate a relation ↗故觀於海者難為水，Name the one, thing, or situation ↗Watch recurrence: 子 × 2 登 × 2 山 × 2 而 × 2 小 × 2 於 × 2. Repetition of a graph need not mean repetition of a sense.
Computed from this exact witness · Contextual interpretation awaits editorial review. The guide is a set of reading prompts, not a translation. Sources & methods
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1 · Explain it in your own words
2 · Recover the wording
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3 · Explain, then revisit
Without the source in front of you, explain the passage’s main point and one choice you made in reading it. Then reopen the text and check the evidence.
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Shared wording
Computed exact phrases in the pinned witnesses. These links do not assign a sense or assert borrowing.
韓非子 · 姦劫弒臣第十四於聖人之得效於前，則賞罰必用於後矣。人主誠明於聖人之術，而不苟於世俗之言，循名實而定是非，因參驗而審言辭。
荀子 · 性惡篇第二十三於聖人之則禮義惡生？」應之曰：凡禮義者，是生於聖人之偽，非故生於人之性也。
荀子 · 性惡篇第二十三於聖人之生禮義而起法度，然則禮義法度者，是生於聖人之偽，非故生於人之性也。
Follow a connection
Shared teaching construction · an editorial learning connection, not evidence of common authorship or origin.
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Edition, source, and reuse
- Work
- 孟子 · Mencius
- Attribution
- Traditionally associated with Meng Ke (Mencius) and his followers.
- Digital witness
- Kanseki Repository · KR1h0001 · base edition tls
- Contributors
- Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.
- Source position
- KR1h0001_013.txt, lines 375–381. MENG 7A24:01; tr. D. C. Lau2.275
- Version
8decdf43d5a82b779f7950a7782b9a5e09659564- Reuse
- CC BY-SA 4.0. Text extraction and teaching additions share this licence.
- Text policy
- Source spelling and punctuation retained. Encoding headers, page markers, paragraph markers, whitespace, and leading section numbers are removed from the reading view. No silent script conversion or textual correction.
- Teaching
- zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes. English renderings are excerpt-level reading aids, not a full published translation. Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed.
Source-file SHA-256: 0b8caa835067a3b920fbb7e3412698649d2bb3e2561c7ca02f60890cbc51f50b. A source comment that cites a translator is an upstream reference, not the attribution of a translation imported here.