Original source spelling · punctuation belongs to the digital witness · pronunciation tools follow your language focus.
A route through this passage
55 Han characters · 29 distinct forms · 7 units separated by the witness’s punctuation
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- Test one unit.
為人臣者懷利以事其君，
Mark a possible predicate and its participants. Record what you have supplied rather than found explicitly in the text. - Reconstruct the argument. Connect the units in your own words. Where does a description, question, contrast, or consequence depend on your interpretation?
Investigate 8 written forms in this passage
Matched by spelling. These are candidate reading procedures, not assigned grammatical analyses.
為人臣者懷利以事其君，Distinguish doing, being, and acting for ↗為人臣者懷利以事其君，Name the one, thing, or situation ↗為人臣者懷利以事其君，Identify means, basis, and purpose ↗為人臣者懷利以事其君，Track whose, which, and whose perspective ↗Watch recurrence: 者 × 4 懷 × 4 利 × 4 以 × 4 為 × 3 人 × 3. Repetition of a graph need not mean repetition of a sense.
Computed from this exact witness · Contextual interpretation awaits editorial review. The guide is a set of reading prompts, not a translation. Sources & methods
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1 · Explain it in your own words
2 · Recover the wording
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3 · Explain, then revisit
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Shared wording
Computed exact phrases in the pinned witnesses. These links do not assign a sense or assert borrowing.
韓非子 · 外儲說左上第三十二而不亡者兵弱於敵，國貧於內，而不亡者，未之有也。伐之不亦可乎？」主父曰：「善。」舉兵而伐中山，遂滅也。
韓非子 · 忠孝第五十一為人子者故至今為人子者有取其父之家，為人臣者有取其君之國者矣。父而讓子，君而讓臣，此非所以定位一教之道也。
老子 · 第三十三章而不亡者富，強行者、有志；不失其所者、久，死而不亡者、壽。
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Edition, source, and reuse
- Work
- 孟子 · Mencius
- Attribution
- Traditionally associated with Meng Ke (Mencius) and his followers.
- Digital witness
- Kanseki Repository · KR1h0001 · base edition tls
- Contributors
- Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.
- Source position
- KR1h0001_012.txt, lines 236–246. MENG 6B04:05; tr. D. C. Lau 2.24
- Version
8decdf43d5a82b779f7950a7782b9a5e09659564- Reuse
- CC BY-SA 4.0. Text extraction and teaching additions share this licence.
- Text policy
- Source spelling and punctuation retained. Encoding headers, page markers, paragraph markers, whitespace, and leading section numbers are removed from the reading view. No silent script conversion or textual correction.
- Teaching
- zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes. English renderings are excerpt-level reading aids, not a full published translation. Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed.
Source-file SHA-256: b482c23be9871addd8fe0e5c0b664229dcb09652e42b8c7a59e02de2d5456094. A source comment that cites a translator is an upstream reference, not the attribution of a translation imported here.