Hanfeizi · 難四第三十九
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Original source spelling · punctuation belongs to the digital witness · pronunciation tools follow your language focus.
A route through this passage
64 Han characters · 41 distinct forms · 11 units separated by the witness’s punctuation
- Establish the frame. Read the surrounding chapter. Who speaks, what is being discussed, and which earlier words supply the context?
- Test one unit.
陽虎為亂於魯，
Mark a possible predicate and its participants. Record what you have supplied rather than found explicitly in the text. - Reconstruct the argument. Connect the units in your own words. Where does a description, question, contrast, or consequence depend on your interpretation?
Investigate 8 written forms in this passage
Matched by spelling. These are candidate reading procedures, not assigned grammatical analyses.
Watch recurrence: 也 × 4 之 × 4 陽 × 3 虎 × 3 為 × 3 亂 × 3. Repetition of a graph need not mean repetition of a sense.
Computed from this exact witness · Contextual interpretation awaits editorial review. The guide is a set of reading prompts, not a translation. Sources & methods
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2 · Recover the wording
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3 · Explain, then revisit
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Shared wording
Computed exact phrases in the pinned witnesses. These links do not assign a sense or assert borrowing.
韓非子 · 難四第三十九無救赦之臣忠，君懦而闇則群臣詐。知微之謂明，無救赦之謂嚴。不知齊之巧臣而誅魯之成亂，不亦妄乎！
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Shared teaching construction · an editorial learning connection, not evidence of common authorship or origin.
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Edition, source, and reuse
- Work
- 韓非子 · Hanfeizi
- Attribution
- Traditionally associated with Han Fei; authorship of individual chapters is not uniform or certain.
- Digital witness
- Kanseki Repository · KR3c0005 · base edition tls
- Contributors
- Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.
- Source position
- KR3c0005_039.txt, lines 194–204. HF 39.06:02; jiaoshi 368; jishi 875; shiping 1457; jiaozhu 562; m469; Liao 2.192
- Version
55418cf95c05d3bcc35e26bb568cf0a8da957332- Reuse
- CC BY-SA 4.0. Text extraction and teaching additions share this licence.
- Text policy
- Source spelling and punctuation retained. Encoding headers, page markers, paragraph markers, whitespace, and leading section numbers are removed from the reading view. No silent script conversion or textual correction.
- Teaching
- zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes. English renderings are excerpt-level reading aids, not a full published translation. Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed.
Source-file SHA-256: 9fdc9d53925292f1a3c4047c7c4cef469996471661fc07bd95b396cf83d2ec91. A source comment that cites a translator is an upstream reference, not the attribution of a translation imported here.