Hanfeizi · 難二第三十七
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Original source spelling · punctuation belongs to the digital witness · pronunciation tools follow your language focus.
A route through this passage
39 Han characters · 29 distinct forms · 8 units separated by the witness’s punctuation
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- Test one unit.
昔者宮之奇在虞，
Mark a possible predicate and its participants. Record what you have supplied rather than found explicitly in the text. - Reconstruct the argument. Connect the units in your own words. Where does a description, question, contrast, or consequence depend on your interpretation?
Investigate 7 written forms in this passage
Matched by spelling. These are candidate reading procedures, not assigned grammatical analyses.
此有其臣而無其君者也。Track whose, which, and whose perspective ↗此有其臣而無其君者也。Read the relationship between clauses ↗Watch recurrence: 者 × 3 之 × 2 在 × 2 虞 × 2 曹 × 2 臣 × 2. Repetition of a graph need not mean repetition of a sense.
Computed from this exact witness · Contextual interpretation awaits editorial review. The guide is a set of reading prompts, not a translation. Sources & methods
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2 · Recover the wording
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3 · Explain, then revisit
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Shared wording
Computed exact phrases in the pinned witnesses. These links do not assign a sense or assert borrowing.
孟子 · 梁惠王上其君者也未有仁而遺其親者也，未有義而後其君者也。王亦曰仁義而已矣，何必曰利？」
孟子 · 公孫丑上其君者也謂不能者，自賊者也；謂其君不能者，賊其君者也。凡有四端於我者，知皆擴而充之矣，
孟子 · 離婁上其君者也不以舜之所以事堯事君，不敬其君者也；不以堯之所以治民治民，賊其民者也。孔子曰：『道二，仁與不仁而已矣。』
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Shared teaching construction · an editorial learning connection, not evidence of common authorship or origin.
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Edition, source, and reuse
- Work
- 韓非子 · Hanfeizi
- Attribution
- Traditionally associated with Han Fei; authorship of individual chapters is not uniform or certain.
- Digital witness
- Kanseki Repository · KR3c0005 · base edition tls
- Contributors
- Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.
- Source position
- KR3c0005_037.txt, lines 242–249. HF 37.08:02 [8]; jiaoshi 335; jishi i25; shiping 1394; jiaozhu 532; m440; Liao 2.162;
- Version
55418cf95c05d3bcc35e26bb568cf0a8da957332- Reuse
- CC BY-SA 4.0. Text extraction and teaching additions share this licence.
- Text policy
- Source spelling and punctuation retained. Encoding headers, page markers, paragraph markers, whitespace, and leading section numbers are removed from the reading view. No silent script conversion or textual correction.
- Teaching
- zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes. English renderings are excerpt-level reading aids, not a full published translation. Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed.
Source-file SHA-256: 17bf1839934f2720019da7356c0e504464030787b2bdfac5153b2bf82f0f39ec. A source comment that cites a translator is an upstream reference, not the attribution of a translation imported here.