Hanfeizi · 難一第三十六
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Original source spelling · punctuation belongs to the digital witness · pronunciation tools follow your language focus.
A route through this passage
56 Han characters · 40 distinct forms · 11 units separated by the witness’s punctuation
- Establish the frame. Read the surrounding chapter. Who speaks, what is being discussed, and which earlier words supply the context?
- Test one unit.
桓公不知仁義。
Mark a possible predicate and its participants. Record what you have supplied rather than found explicitly in the text. - Reconstruct the argument. Connect the units in your own words. Where does a description, question, contrast, or consequence depend on your interpretation?
Investigate 6 written forms in this passage
Matched by spelling. These are candidate reading procedures, not assigned grammatical analyses.
Watch recurrence: 為 × 4 仁 × 3 義 × 3 之 × 3 公 × 2 不 × 2. Repetition of a graph need not mean repetition of a sense.
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3 · Explain, then revisit
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Shared wording
Computed exact phrases in the pinned witnesses. These links do not assign a sense or assert borrowing.
荀子 · 非十二子篇第六天下之害子弓之義，以務息十二子之說，如是，則天下之害除，仁人之事畢，聖王之跡箸矣。
荀子 · 性惡篇第二十三不知仁義義法正為固無可知可能之理邪？然則唯禹不知仁義法正、不能仁義法正也。將使塗之人固無可以知仁義法正之質，而固無可以能仁義法正之具邪？
韓非子 · 外儲說左下第三十三夫仁義者。〓#且主而誅臣，焉有過？」紂曰：「夫仁義者，上所以勸下也。今昌好仁義，誅之不可。」三說不用，故亡。
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Edition, source, and reuse
- Work
- 韓非子 · Hanfeizi
- Attribution
- Traditionally associated with Han Fei; authorship of individual chapters is not uniform or certain.
- Digital witness
- Kanseki Repository · KR3c0005 · base edition tls
- Contributors
- Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.
- Source position
- KR3c0005_036.txt, lines 614–626. HF 36.12:01 [12]; jiaoshi 325; jishi 809; shiping 1372; jiaozhu 507; m430; Liao 2.151
- Version
55418cf95c05d3bcc35e26bb568cf0a8da957332- Reuse
- CC BY-SA 4.0. Text extraction and teaching additions share this licence.
- Text policy
- Source spelling and punctuation retained. Encoding headers, page markers, paragraph markers, whitespace, and leading section numbers are removed from the reading view. No silent script conversion or textual correction.
- Teaching
- zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes. English renderings are excerpt-level reading aids, not a full published translation. Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed.
Source-file SHA-256: 964d0417956467fb326892e5ec81b075c7c2b9f48a72e9895e25299f51ecbfac. A source comment that cites a translator is an upstream reference, not the attribution of a translation imported here.