Hanfeizi · 難一第三十六
Read the witness. Inspect a construction. Follow the evidence.
Original source spelling · punctuation belongs to the digital witness · pronunciation tools follow your language focus.
A route through this passage
67 Han characters · 45 distinct forms · 11 units separated by the witness’s punctuation
- Establish the frame. Read the surrounding chapter. Who speaks, what is being discussed, and which earlier words supply the context?
- Test one unit.
且桓公所以身死蟲流出戶不葬者，
Mark a possible predicate and its participants. Record what you have supplied rather than found explicitly in the text. - Reconstruct the argument. Connect the units in your own words. Where does a description, question, contrast, or consequence depend on your interpretation?
Investigate 8 written forms in this passage
Matched by spelling. These are candidate reading procedures, not assigned grammatical analyses.
且桓公所以身死蟲流出戶不葬者，Focus on what an action concerns ↗且桓公所以身死蟲流出戶不葬者，Identify means, basis, and purpose ↗且桓公所以身死蟲流出戶不葬者，Keep different negatives apart ↗且桓公所以身死蟲流出戶不葬者，Name the one, thing, or situation ↗Watch recurrence: 不 × 6 臣 × 5 之 × 5 也 × 3 葬 × 2 重 × 2. Repetition of a graph need not mean repetition of a sense.
Computed from this exact witness · Contextual interpretation awaits editorial review. The guide is a set of reading prompts, not a translation. Sources & methods
Make this passage yours.
Use the reading guide above, build your interpretation, then test what you can recover. Your notes and schedule stay on this device.
1 · Explain it in your own words
2 · Recover the wording
Select a source unit, then hide the passage and reconstruct it. This checks textual recall, not understanding.
3 · Explain, then revisit
Without the source in front of you, explain the passage’s main point and one choice you made in reading it. Then reopen the text and check the evidence.
Rate your understanding yourself. These reminders use a simple schedule; they do not certify mastery.
Study controls are loading. Reading prompts and source links work without JavaScript.
Shared wording
Computed exact phrases in the pinned witnesses. These links do not assign a sense or assert borrowing.
韓非子 · 有度第六君臣之間者不可飾，譽者不能進，非者弗能退，則君臣之間明辯而易治，故主讎法則可也。
韓非子 · 姦劫弒臣第十四有擅主之國有擅主之臣，則群下不得盡其智力以陳其忠，百官之吏不得奉法以致其功矣。
韓非子 · 難一第三十六有不葬之見知不悖於前，賞罰不弊於後，安有不葬之患？管仲非明此言於桓公也，使去三子，故曰：管仲無度矣。
Follow a connection
Shared teaching construction · an editorial learning connection, not evidence of common authorship or origin.
Select a character to find its other occurrences in these texts.
Edition, source, and reuse
- Work
- 韓非子 · Hanfeizi
- Attribution
- Traditionally associated with Han Fei; authorship of individual chapters is not uniform or certain.
- Digital witness
- Kanseki Repository · KR3c0005 · base edition tls
- Contributors
- Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.
- Source position
- KR3c0005_036.txt, lines 402–413. HF 36.06:06 [6]; jiaoshi 319; jishi 800; shiping 1361; jiaozhu 502; m424; Liao 2.145
- Version
55418cf95c05d3bcc35e26bb568cf0a8da957332- Reuse
- CC BY-SA 4.0. Text extraction and teaching additions share this licence.
- Text policy
- Source spelling and punctuation retained. Encoding headers, page markers, paragraph markers, whitespace, and leading section numbers are removed from the reading view. No silent script conversion or textual correction.
- Teaching
- zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes. English renderings are excerpt-level reading aids, not a full published translation. Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed.
Source-file SHA-256: 964d0417956467fb326892e5ec81b075c7c2b9f48a72e9895e25299f51ecbfac. A source comment that cites a translator is an upstream reference, not the attribution of a translation imported here.