Original source spelling · punctuation belongs to the digital witness · pronunciation tools follow your language focus.
A route through this passage
65 Han characters · 35 distinct forms · 10 units separated by the witness’s punctuation
- Establish the frame. Read the surrounding chapter. Who speaks, what is being discussed, and which earlier words supply the context?
- Test one unit.
天下有常然。
Mark a possible predicate and its participants. Record what you have supplied rather than found explicitly in the text. - Reconstruct the argument. Connect the units in your own words. Where does a description, question, contrast, or consequence depend on your interpretation?
Investigate 8 written forms in this passage
Matched by spelling. These are candidate reading procedures, not assigned grammatical analyses.
故天下誘然皆生而不知其所以生，Follow an explicit inference ↗故天下誘然皆生而不知其所以生，Read the relationship between clauses ↗故天下誘然皆生而不知其所以生，Track whose, which, and whose perspective ↗故天下誘然皆生而不知其所以生，Focus on what an action concerns ↗Watch recurrence: 不 × 8 以 × 8 者 × 5 然 × 3 天 × 2 下 × 2. Repetition of a graph need not mean repetition of a sense.
Computed from this exact witness · Contextual interpretation awaits editorial review. The guide is a set of reading prompts, not a translation. Sources & methods
Make this passage yours.
Use the reading guide above, build your interpretation, then test what you can recover. Your notes and schedule stay on this device.
1 · Explain it in your own words
2 · Recover the wording
Select a source unit, then hide the passage and reconstruct it. This checks textual recall, not understanding.
3 · Explain, then revisit
Without the source in front of you, explain the passage’s main point and one choice you made in reading it. Then reopen the text and check the evidence.
Rate your understanding yourself. These reminders use a simple schedule; they do not certify mastery.
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Shared wording
Computed exact phrases in the pinned witnesses. These links do not assign a sense or assert borrowing.
韓非子 · 外儲說左下第三十三其所以得。夔者忿戾惡心，人多不說喜也。雖然，其所以得免於人害者，以其信也。
韓非子 · 難四第三十九其所以得今未有其所以得，而行其所以處，是倒義而逆德也。倒義，則事之所以敗也；逆德，則怨之所以聚也。敗亡之不
韓非子 · 說難第十二知其所以乃以成他故，說者不徒知所出而已矣，又知其所以為，如此者身危。
Follow a connection
Shared teaching construction · an editorial learning connection, not evidence of common authorship or origin.
Select a character to find its other occurrences in these texts.
Edition, source, and reuse
- Work
- 莊子 · Zhuangzi
- Attribution
- Traditionally associated with Zhuang Zhou; the received collection includes multiple voices and layers.
- Digital witness
- Kanseki Repository · KR5c0126 · base edition CHANT
- Contributors
- Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.
- Source position
- KR5c0126_008.txt, lines 127–138. ZHUANG 8.2.2 Guo Qingfan 321; Wang Shumin 313; Fang Yong 237; Chen Guying 238
- Version
abb9cd323dfd9520894b56b3b8ba2ec0ea50554f- Reuse
- CC BY-SA 4.0. Text extraction and teaching additions share this licence.
- Text policy
- Source spelling and punctuation retained. Encoding headers, page markers, paragraph markers, whitespace, and leading section numbers are removed from the reading view. No silent script conversion or textual correction.
- Teaching
- zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes. English renderings are excerpt-level reading aids, not a full published translation. Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed.
Source-file SHA-256: b28a5f998cd6a3dc43490d067febdfbf3f220440c2f72031f27180a0afd2f936. A source comment that cites a translator is an upstream reference, not the attribution of a translation imported here.