Original source spelling · punctuation belongs to the digital witness · pronunciation tools follow your language focus.
A route through this passage
48 Han characters · 36 distinct forms · 10 units separated by the witness’s punctuation
- Establish the frame. Read the surrounding chapter. Who speaks, what is being discussed, and which earlier words supply the context?
- Test one unit.
凡爵列、官職、賞慶、刑罰，
Mark a possible predicate and its participants. Record what you have supplied rather than found explicitly in the text. - Reconstruct the argument. Connect the units in your own words. Where does a description, question, contrast, or consequence depend on your interpretation?
Investigate 6 written forms in this passage
Matched by spelling. These are candidate reading procedures, not assigned grammatical analyses.
Watch recurrence: 不 × 5 也 × 3 稱 × 3 官 × 2 賞 × 2 罰 × 2. Repetition of a graph need not mean repetition of a sense.
Computed from this exact witness · Contextual interpretation awaits editorial review. The guide is a set of reading prompts, not a translation. Sources & methods
Make this passage yours.
Use the reading guide above, build your interpretation, then test what you can recover. Your notes and schedule stay on this device.
1 · Explain it in your own words
2 · Recover the wording
Select a source unit, then hide the passage and reconstruct it. This checks textual recall, not understanding.
3 · Explain, then revisit
Without the source in front of you, explain the passage’s main point and one choice you made in reading it. Then reopen the text and check the evidence.
Rate your understanding yourself. These reminders use a simple schedule; they do not certify mastery.
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Shared wording
Computed exact phrases in the pinned witnesses. These links do not assign a sense or assert borrowing.
孟子 · 離婁上不祥莫大教之，父子之間不責善。責善則離，離則不祥莫大焉。」
荀子 · 君道篇第十二亂之端也是國者，事物之至也如泉原，一物不應，亂之端也。故曰：人主不可以獨也。卿相輔佐，人主之基、杖也，不可不早具也。
荀子 · 哀公篇第三十一亂之端也君昧爽而櫛冠，平明而聽朝，一物不應，亂之端也，君以此思憂，則憂將焉而不至矣！君平明而聽朝，日昃而退，諸侯之子孫必有在君之末庭者，
Follow a connection
Shared teaching construction · an editorial learning connection, not evidence of common authorship or origin.
Select a character to find its other occurrences in these texts.
Edition, source, and reuse
- Work
- 荀子 · Xunzi
- Attribution
- Traditionally associated with Xun Kuang; the received collection contains multiple textual layers.
- Digital witness
- Kanseki Repository · KR3a0002 · base edition tls
- Contributors
- Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.
- Source position
- KR3a0002_018.txt, lines 307–315. XUN 18:3:4, Beida p.289; Knoblock 3:37
- Version
e18a27621ef434940a368defd29e00eee205dfd2- Reuse
- CC BY-SA 4.0. Text extraction and teaching additions share this licence.
- Text policy
- Source spelling and punctuation retained. Encoding headers, page markers, paragraph markers, whitespace, and leading section numbers are removed from the reading view. No silent script conversion or textual correction.
- Teaching
- zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes. English renderings are excerpt-level reading aids, not a full published translation. Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed.
Source-file SHA-256: 9b2a1b02c95b40091b6c57a890df4267fcfb979465201572cf80ad6633b09e54. A source comment that cites a translator is an upstream reference, not the attribution of a translation imported here.