Laozi · Daodejing · 第六十一章
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Original source spelling · punctuation belongs to the digital witness · pronunciation tools follow your language focus.
A route through this passage
88 Han characters · 38 distinct forms · 15 units separated by the witness’s punctuation
- Establish the frame. Read the surrounding chapter. Who speaks, what is being discussed, and which earlier words supply the context?
- Test one unit.
大邦者、下流也，
Mark a possible predicate and its participants. Record what you have supplied rather than found explicitly in the text. - Reconstruct the argument. Connect the units in your own words. Where does a description, question, contrast, or consequence depend on your interpretation?
Investigate 8 written forms in this passage
Matched by spelling. These are candidate reading procedures, not assigned grammatical analyses.
Watch recurrence: 邦 × 9 下 × 9 大 × 6 者 × 5 以 × 5 小 × 4. Repetition of a graph need not mean repetition of a sense.
Computed from this exact witness · Contextual interpretation awaits editorial review. The guide is a set of reading prompts, not a translation. Sources & methods
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1 · Explain it in your own words
2 · Recover the wording
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3 · Explain, then revisit
Without the source in front of you, explain the passage’s main point and one choice you made in reading it. Then reopen the text and check the evidence.
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Shared wording
Computed exact phrases in the pinned witnesses. These links do not assign a sense or assert borrowing.
孫子 · 九地篇天下之交聚；威加於敵，則其交不得合。是故不爭天下之交，不養天下之權，信己之私，威加於敵，故其城可拔，其國可隳。
論語 · 子罕篇第九各得其所吾自衛反魯，然後樂正，《雅》、《頌》各得其所。」
荀子 · 君道篇第十二各得其所次，量能而授官，皆使（其）人載其事而各得其所宜。上賢使之為三公，次賢使之為諸侯，下賢使之為士大夫，是所以顯設之也。
Follow a connection
Shared teaching construction · an editorial learning connection, not evidence of common authorship or origin.
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Edition, source, and reuse
- Work
- 老子 · Laozi · Daodejing
- Attribution
- Traditionally attributed to Laozi; composition and textual history are debated.
- Digital witness
- Kanseki Repository · KR5c0057 · base edition tls
- Contributors
- Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.
- Source position
- KR5c0057_061.txt, lines 14–29. LAO 61.1; tr. D.C. Lau 19i2: 89; here tr. Karlgren 1975
- Version
8f585085ff4ef2580eeb0f4376a763a62bcc7a95- Reuse
- CC BY-SA 4.0. Text extraction and teaching additions share this licence.
- Text policy
- Source spelling and punctuation retained. Encoding headers, page markers, paragraph markers, whitespace, and leading section numbers are removed from the reading view. No silent script conversion or textual correction.
- Teaching
- zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes. English renderings are excerpt-level reading aids, not a full published translation. Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed.
Source-file SHA-256: 54fb849bfc0a520dff287f57ea8be39f82bc240c9b6938c1f563d3411e018011. A source comment that cites a translator is an upstream reference, not the attribution of a translation imported here.