Laozi · Daodejing · 第二十章
Read the witness. Inspect a construction. Follow the evidence.
Original source spelling · punctuation belongs to the digital witness · pronunciation tools follow your language focus.
A route through this passage
58 Han characters · 38 distinct forms · 11 units separated by the witness’s punctuation
- Establish the frame. Read the surrounding chapter. Who speaks, what is being discussed, and which earlier words supply the context?
- Test one unit.
荒兮其未央哉！
Mark a possible predicate and its participants. Record what you have supplied rather than found explicitly in the text. - Reconstruct the argument. Connect the units in your own words. Where does a description, question, contrast, or consequence depend on your interpretation?
Investigate 8 written forms in this passage
Matched by spelling. These are candidate reading procedures, not assigned grammatical analyses.
Watch recurrence: 兮 × 4 未 × 3 人 × 3 如 × 3 我 × 3 其 × 2. Repetition of a graph need not mean repetition of a sense.
Computed from this exact witness · Contextual interpretation awaits editorial review. The guide is a set of reading prompts, not a translation. Sources & methods
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Use the reading guide above, build your interpretation, then test what you can recover. Your notes and schedule stay on this device.
1 · Explain it in your own words
2 · Recover the wording
Select a source unit, then hide the passage and reconstruct it. This checks textual recall, not understanding.
3 · Explain, then revisit
Without the source in front of you, explain the passage’s main point and one choice you made in reading it. Then reopen the text and check the evidence.
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Shared wording
Computed exact phrases in the pinned witnesses. These links do not assign a sense or assert borrowing.
荀子 · 仲尼篇第七人之心也政教也，非致隆高也，非綦文理也，非服人之心也。鄉方略，審勞佚，謹畜積，脩鬭備，而能顛倒其敵者也。詐心以勝矣。彼以讓飾爭，依乎仁而
荀子 · 仲尼篇第七人之心也。有人也，埶不在人上而羞為人下，是姦人之心也。志不免乎姦心，行不免乎姦道，而求有君子聖人之名，
荀子 · 王霸篇第十一人之心也政教也，非致隆高也，非綦文理也，非服人之心也，鄉方略，審勞佚，謹畜積，脩戰備，齺然上下相信，而天下莫之敢當也。
Follow a connection
Shared teaching construction · an editorial learning connection, not evidence of common authorship or origin.
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Edition, source, and reuse
- Work
- 老子 · Laozi · Daodejing
- Attribution
- Traditionally attributed to Laozi; composition and textual history are debated.
- Digital witness
- Kanseki Repository · KR5c0057 · base edition tls
- Contributors
- Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.
- Source position
- KR5c0057_020.txt, lines 25–35. LAO 20.2; tr. D.C. Lau 19i2: 29; here tr. Karlgren 1975
- Version
8f585085ff4ef2580eeb0f4376a763a62bcc7a95- Reuse
- CC BY-SA 4.0. Text extraction and teaching additions share this licence.
- Text policy
- Source spelling and punctuation retained. Encoding headers, page markers, paragraph markers, whitespace, and leading section numbers are removed from the reading view. No silent script conversion or textual correction.
- Teaching
- zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes. English renderings are excerpt-level reading aids, not a full published translation. Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed.
Source-file SHA-256: 6f851b70d8b87fa9e168f56d8077a02d6b389489974d7fbcb3f76b0ed5c968b1. A source comment that cites a translator is an upstream reference, not the attribution of a translation imported here.