Hanfeizi · 難三第三十八
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Original source spelling · punctuation belongs to the digital witness · pronunciation tools follow your language focus.
A route through this passage
68 Han characters · 46 distinct forms · 9 units separated by the witness’s punctuation
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- Test one unit.
法敗而政亂，
Mark a possible predicate and its participants. Record what you have supplied rather than found explicitly in the text. - Reconstruct the argument. Connect the units in your own words. Where does a description, question, contrast, or consequence depend on your interpretation?
Investigate 8 written forms in this passage
Matched by spelling. These are candidate reading procedures, not assigned grammatical analyses.
Watch recurrence: 而 × 4 之 × 4 民 × 3 也 × 3 敗 × 2 政 × 2. Repetition of a graph need not mean repetition of a sense.
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2 · Recover the wording
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Shared wording
Computed exact phrases in the pinned witnesses. These links do not assign a sense or assert borrowing.
莊子 · 外物第二十六有所不及不能避刳腸之患。如是，則知有所困，神有所不及也。雖有至知，萬人謀之。
韓非子 · 難三第三十八民有倍心或曰：仲尼之對，亡國之言也。葉民有倍心，而說之「悅近而來遠」，則是教民懷惠。惠之為政，無功者受賞，而有罪者免，此法之所以敗
韓非子 · 難三第三十八悅近而來葉公子高問政於仲尼，仲尼曰：「政在悅近而來遠。」哀公問政於仲尼，仲尼曰：「政在選賢。」齊景公問政於仲尼，仲尼曰：「政在節財。」
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Shared teaching construction · an editorial learning connection, not evidence of common authorship or origin.
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Edition, source, and reuse
- Work
- 韓非子 · Hanfeizi
- Attribution
- Traditionally associated with Han Fei; authorship of individual chapters is not uniform or certain.
- Digital witness
- Kanseki Repository · KR3c0005 · base edition tls
- Contributors
- Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.
- Source position
- KR3c0005_038.txt, lines 304–313. HF 38.08:02; jiaoshi 353; jishi 852; shiping 1428; jiaozhu 543; m455; Liao 2.177
- Version
55418cf95c05d3bcc35e26bb568cf0a8da957332- Reuse
- CC BY-SA 4.0. Text extraction and teaching additions share this licence.
- Text policy
- Source spelling and punctuation retained. Encoding headers, page markers, paragraph markers, whitespace, and leading section numbers are removed from the reading view. No silent script conversion or textual correction.
- Teaching
- zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes. English renderings are excerpt-level reading aids, not a full published translation. Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed.
Source-file SHA-256: 7972e00e29700d4410456189b0cc7a31d5111bc0ba4f4f362d82aa7b18301fc4. A source comment that cites a translator is an upstream reference, not the attribution of a translation imported here.