Zhuangzi · 在宥第十一
Read the witness. Inspect a construction. Follow the evidence.
Original source spelling · punctuation belongs to the digital witness · pronunciation tools follow your language focus.
A route through this passage
61 Han characters · 30 distinct forms · 10 units separated by the witness’s punctuation
- Establish the frame. Read the surrounding chapter. Who speaks, what is being discussed, and which earlier words supply the context?
- Test one unit.
昔堯之治天下也，
Mark a possible predicate and its participants. Record what you have supplied rather than found explicitly in the text. - Reconstruct the argument. Connect the units in your own words. Where does a description, question, contrast, or consequence depend on your interpretation?
Investigate 8 written forms in this passage
Matched by spelling. These are candidate reading procedures, not assigned grammatical analyses.
使天下欣欣焉人樂其性，Notice a change in argument structure ↗使天下欣欣焉人樂其性，Track whose, which, and whose perspective ↗Watch recurrence: 也 × 6 天 × 5 下 × 5 不 × 4 之 × 3 治 × 2. Repetition of a graph need not mean repetition of a sense.
Computed from this exact witness · Contextual interpretation awaits editorial review. The guide is a set of reading prompts, not a translation. Sources & methods
Make this passage yours.
Use the reading guide above, build your interpretation, then test what you can recover. Your notes and schedule stay on this device.
1 · Explain it in your own words
2 · Recover the wording
Select a source unit, then hide the passage and reconstruct it. This checks textual recall, not understanding.
3 · Explain, then revisit
Without the source in front of you, explain the passage’s main point and one choice you made in reading it. Then reopen the text and check the evidence.
Rate your understanding yourself. These reminders use a simple schedule; they do not certify mastery.
Study controls are loading. Reading prompts and source links work without JavaScript.
Shared wording
Computed exact phrases in the pinned witnesses. These links do not assign a sense or assert borrowing.
荀子 · 議兵篇第十五堯之治天如流，無它故焉，由其道故也。古者，帝堯之治天下也，蓋殺一人、刑二人而天下治。《傳》曰：「威厲而不試，刑錯而不用。」此之謂也。
韓非子 · 難勢第四十治天下也且其人以堯之勢以治天下也，其勢何以異桀之勢也，亂天下者也。夫勢者，非能必使賢者用之，而不肖者不用之也。賢者用
孟子 · 公孫丑下治天下也夫天未欲平治天下也；如欲平治天下，當今之世，舍我其誰也？吾何為不豫哉？」
Follow a connection
Shared teaching construction · an editorial learning connection, not evidence of common authorship or origin.
Select a character to find its other occurrences in these texts.
Edition, source, and reuse
- Work
- 莊子 · Zhuangzi
- Attribution
- Traditionally associated with Zhuang Zhou; the received collection includes multiple voices and layers.
- Digital witness
- Kanseki Repository · KR5c0126 · base edition CHANT
- Contributors
- Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.
- Source position
- KR5c0126_011.txt, lines 31–41. ZHUANG 11.1.2 Guo Qingfan 364; Wang Shumin 371; Fang Yong 274; Chen Guying 268
- Version
abb9cd323dfd9520894b56b3b8ba2ec0ea50554f- Reuse
- CC BY-SA 4.0. Text extraction and teaching additions share this licence.
- Text policy
- Source spelling and punctuation retained. Encoding headers, page markers, paragraph markers, whitespace, and leading section numbers are removed from the reading view. No silent script conversion or textual correction.
- Teaching
- zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes. English renderings are excerpt-level reading aids, not a full published translation. Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed.
Source-file SHA-256: 4673c3ad1b92ef9fe2142af713f65c1486512a929c319c7f63d6f5a8ff5e1226. A source comment that cites a translator is an upstream reference, not the attribution of a translation imported here.