Hanfeizi · 孤憤第十一
Read the witness. Inspect a construction. Follow the evidence.
Original source spelling · punctuation belongs to the digital witness · pronunciation tools follow your language focus.
A route through this passage
31 Han characters · 28 distinct forms · 3 units separated by the witness’s punctuation
- Establish the frame. Read the surrounding chapter. Who speaks, what is being discussed, and which earlier words supply the context?
- Test one unit.
今人主不合參驗而行誅,
Mark a possible predicate and its participants. Record what you have supplied rather than found explicitly in the text. - Reconstruct the argument. Connect the units in your own words. Where does a description, question, contrast, or consequence depend on your interpretation?
Investigate 7 written forms in this passage
Matched by spelling. These are candidate reading procedures, not assigned grammatical analyses.
今人主不合參驗而行誅,Keep different negatives apart ↗今人主不合參驗而行誅,Read the relationship between clauses ↗故法術之士安能蒙死亡而進其說?Follow an explicit inference ↗故法術之士安能蒙死亡而進其說?Locate the unknown ↗故法術之士安能蒙死亡而進其說?Track whose, which, and whose perspective ↗Watch recurrence: 而 × 3 不 × 2. Repetition of a graph need not mean repetition of a sense.
Computed from this exact witness · Contextual interpretation awaits editorial review. The guide is a set of reading prompts, not a translation. Sources & methods
Make this passage yours.
Use the reading guide above, build your interpretation, then test what you can recover. Your notes and schedule stay on this device.
1 · Explain it in your own words
2 · Recover the wording
Select a source unit, then hide the passage and reconstruct it. This checks textual recall, not understanding.
3 · Explain, then revisit
Without the source in front of you, explain the passage’s main point and one choice you made in reading it. Then reopen the text and check the evidence.
Rate your understanding yourself. These reminders use a simple schedule; they do not certify mastery.
Study controls are loading. Reading prompts and source links work without JavaScript.
Shared wording
Computed exact phrases in the pinned witnesses. These links do not assign a sense or assert borrowing.
韓非子 · 二柄第七今人主不臣之情非必能愛其君也,為重利之故也。今人主不掩其情,不匿其端,而使人臣有緣以侵其主,則群臣為子之、田常不難矣。
韓非子 · 孤憤第十一故法術之故法術之士奚道得進,而人主奚時得悟乎?故資必不勝而勢不兩存,法術之士焉得不危?
韓非子 · 人主第五十二術之士安議,而背左右之訟,獨合乎道言也,則法術之士安能蒙死亡之危而進說乎?此世之所以不治也。
Follow a connection
Shared teaching construction · an editorial learning connection, not evidence of common authorship or origin.
Select a character to find its other occurrences in these texts.
Edition, source, and reuse
- Work
- 韓非子 · Hanfeizi
- Attribution
- Traditionally associated with Han Fei; authorship of individual chapters is not uniform or certain.
- Digital witness
- Kanseki Repository · KR3c0005 · base edition tls
- Contributors
- Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.
- Source position
- KR3c0005_011.txt, lines 175–178. HF 11.03:10; jiaoshi 2i3; jishi 207; jiaozhu 105; shiping 420
- Version
55418cf95c05d3bcc35e26bb568cf0a8da957332- Reuse
- CC BY-SA 4.0. Text extraction and teaching additions share this licence.
- Text policy
- Source spelling and punctuation retained. Encoding headers, page markers, paragraph markers, whitespace, and leading section numbers are removed from the reading view. No silent script conversion or textual correction.
- Teaching
- zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes. English renderings are excerpt-level reading aids, not a full published translation. Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed.
Source-file SHA-256: 77a9b525d825b8fed95cc1a056f4716ebcd6a6b6211744e3dde3aa9ec3dd3380. A source comment that cites a translator is an upstream reference, not the attribution of a translation imported here.