而
Meanings · ji4
- and
- as well as
- and so
- but (not)
- yet (not)
- (indicates causal relation)
- (indicates change of state)
- (indicates contrast)
- and then
- and yet
- this is the end
- you
- your
- furthermore
- besides
- having the force of
- from a certain point
- criteria on
Meanings · ji4
- now
- at present
- nowdays
Meanings · ji1
- now
- at present
- nowdays
Meanings · nang4
- an alternative form for 能,to be able
About these definitions
Source definition segments, in their original order. Characters a definition cites are shown without their Mandarin pinyin; classifier lists that CC-Canto copied from CC-CEDICT are marked Mandarin. The community dictionary is not independently verified by zimai.
Reading & tones
Schematic citation-tone diagrams from the source numbers. These are not recordings or predictions of connected speech.
Same syllable, six tones
Characters whose customary Unihan reading (kCantonese) is this syllable in each tone, chosen as in the tone atlas (2013 standard level, then the number of CC-CEDICT words they form), with CC-Canto 2017's meaning for that reading; a dash means no catalogue character has that reading. Checked syllables (-p, -t, -k) normally carry tones 1, 3 and 6. Character readings, not word readings; no frequency implied.
Written characters
Both source spellings are represented. Written membership is not an etymological or semantic claim.
Mandarin comparison · separate source entries
CC-CEDICT, the Mandarin–English dictionary, lists the same written form:
- 而 ér CC-CEDICT · Mandarinand; as well as; and so; but (not); yet (not); (indicates causal relation); (indicates change of state); (indicates contrast)
A separate source entry, shown for comparison. The same characters can carry different senses in Mandarin and in Cantonese; zimai does not align these senses.
CC-Canto includes this pinyin reference: er2. It does not establish a Mandarin word with the same meaning.
Look up this spelling in the Mandarin dictionary ↗Compare dictionary sources Wiktionary · 9 senses · 2 Cantonese readings
Rime Cantonese 粵拼
ji4 · nang4
Cantonese word readings for 而. This lexicon supplies readings, not definitions.
CanCLID contributors · CC BY 4.0 · source & license · Data pack
Wiktionary English definitions · Chinese section
Independent source senses for this spelling, with usage labels retained. Not matched to the pronunciation above.
character · Etymology 1
- and (used to connect two clauses or adjectives)
- then (connecting two verbs or verb-phrases); and
- and yet; but; nevertheless (conjunction indicating concession or contrast)
- to (often used with 自)
- particle between adverbial element and verb to indicate cause, purpose, or manner
- particle between adverbial element and verb to indicate cause, purpose, or manner — particle between two verbs or verb phrases indicating that the first is used adverbially
- modal particle indicating hypothetical condition
- modal particle indicating tendency or immediate action
character · Etymology 2
- (literary) you; your
Source page · dump 2026-09-02 · Contributors & history
Wiktionary contributors · CC BY-SA 4.0 · source & license · Data pack