Original source spelling · punctuation belongs to the digital witness · pronunciation tools follow your language focus.
A route through this passage
22 Han characters · 19 distinct forms · 3 units separated by the witness’s punctuation
- Establish the frame. Read the surrounding chapter. Who speaks, what is being discussed, and which earlier words supply the context?
- Test one unit.
人莫大焉亡親戚君臣上下。
Mark a possible predicate and its participants. Record what you have supplied rather than found explicitly in the text. - Reconstruct the argument. Connect the units in your own words. Where does a description, question, contrast, or consequence depend on your interpretation?
Investigate 4 written forms in this passage
Matched by spelling. These are candidate reading procedures, not assigned grammatical analyses.
Watch recurrence: 大 × 2 其 × 2 者 × 2. Repetition of a graph need not mean repetition of a sense.
Computed from this exact witness · Contextual interpretation awaits editorial review. The guide is a set of reading prompts, not a translation. Sources & methods
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1 · Explain it in your own words
2 · Recover the wording
Select a source unit, then hide the passage and reconstruct it. This checks textual recall, not understanding.
3 · Explain, then revisit
Without the source in front of you, explain the passage’s main point and one choice you made in reading it. Then reopen the text and check the evidence.
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Shared wording
Computed exact phrases in the pinned witnesses. These links do not assign a sense or assert borrowing.
韓非子 · 解老第二十君臣上下義者，君臣上下之事，父子貴賤之差也，知交朋友之接也，親踈內外之分也。臣事君宜，下懷上宜，子事父宜，
詩經 · 賓之初筵君臣上下飲酒無度，天下化之。君臣上下、沈湎淫液。武公既入，而作是詩也。
荀子 · 王制篇第九君臣上下積貧，我日積富；彼日積勞，我日積佚。君臣上下之閒者，彼將厲厲焉日日相離疾也，我今將頓頓焉日日相親愛也，以是待其敝。安以其國為是者
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Shared teaching construction · an editorial learning connection, not evidence of common authorship or origin.
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Edition, source, and reuse
- Work
- 孟子 · Mencius
- Attribution
- Traditionally associated with Meng Ke (Mencius) and his followers.
- Digital witness
- Kanseki Repository · KR1h0001 · base edition tls
- Contributors
- Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.
- Source position
- KR1h0001_013.txt, lines 545–550. MENG 7A34:02; tr. D. C. Lau 2.27
- Version
8decdf43d5a82b779f7950a7782b9a5e09659564- Reuse
- CC BY-SA 4.0. Text extraction and teaching additions share this licence.
- Text policy
- Source spelling and punctuation retained. Encoding headers, page markers, paragraph markers, whitespace, and leading section numbers are removed from the reading view. No silent script conversion or textual correction.
- Teaching
- zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes. English renderings are excerpt-level reading aids, not a full published translation. Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed.
Source-file SHA-256: 0b8caa835067a3b920fbb7e3412698649d2bb3e2561c7ca02f60890cbc51f50b. A source comment that cites a translator is an upstream reference, not the attribution of a translation imported here.