A question can change the terms
One reply challenges a ruler’s use of 利; the other questions the distinction between knowing and not knowing.
王！何必曰利The reply challenges the ruler’s initial framing.
tls · CC BY-SA 4.0 · KR1h0001_001.txt, lines 11–18庸詎知吾所謂知之非不知邪A question tests the distinction being used rather than simply giving a definition.
CHANT · CC BY-SA 4.0 · KR5c0126_002.txt, lines 573–576Make the comparison explicit
One reply challenges a ruler’s use of 利; the other questions the distinction between knowing and not knowing.
孟子: The reply challenges the ruler’s initial framing.
莊子: A question tests the distinction being used rather than simply giving a definition.
What is conceded in 雖曰未學，吾必謂之學矣, and what remains asserted?
The concession grants that the person may be described as not having studied. The main clause still judges that person to count as learned, in light of the conduct described before it.
Shared words, images, or constructions do not by themselves establish common meaning, authorship, or origin. An explicit citation is identified only where the wording itself supports it.
zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes · Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed. Original learning material: CC BY-SA 4.0. Source text, scholarly reference, and editorial interpretation remain separately attributed.