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佛朗機

简佛朗机 · 繁佛朗機

Mandarin · pinyin Fó lǎng jī

Portuguese (Ming era loanword)

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Characters in this entry

佛: fú · Buddha; of Buddhism; merciful person; Buddhist image; the dead (Japanese)
朗: lǎng · clear, bright; distinct
機: Look up this written character
机: jī · desk; machine; moment

Written characters and their own readings; the entry’s pronunciation is shown above.

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Mandarin tones

2–3–1 · Fo2 lang3 ji1

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Read this spelling in Classical texts

Follow a written form into the eight pinned witnesses: Analects, Mencius, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Xunzi, Han Feizi, Sunzi and the Mao Shijing. A match is a place to investigate; it does not prove that a modern dictionary sense fits the passage.

佛朗機 · find source passages ↗ · 佛朗机 · find source passages ↗

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Wiktionary English definitions · Chinese section

Independent source senses for this spelling, with usage labels retained. Not matched to the pronunciation above.

noun

(historical, obsolete) generic name for foreigners from Europe in Ming-dynasty China, especially Portuguese and Spanish people
(abbreviation, alt-of) short for 佛朗機炮／佛朗机炮 (fólǎngjīpào, “breech-loading swivel gun”)

Source page · dump 2026-09-02 · Contributors & history

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