CANTONESE ↔ ENGLISH · CC-CANTO

夏

Cantonese · source Jyutpinggaa2#

a ferule for punishing pupils

Cantonese · source Jyutpinghaa6#

About these definitions

Source definition segments, in their original order. Characters a definition cites are shown without their Mandarin pinyin; classifier lists that CC-Canto copied from CC-CEDICT are marked Mandarin. The community dictionary is not independently verified by zimai.

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Reading & tones

gaa22 · high rising

haa66 · low level

Schematic citation-tone diagrams from the source numbers. These are not recordings or predictions of connected speech.

Reading difference from Unihan

夏 has the reading gaa2 here; Unihan’s citation reading is haa6. Different syllable across these source readings. CC-Canto also lists 夏 gaa2 as its own entry.

Computed by zimai: each syllable of the CC-Canto word reading is compared with Unihan 17.0.0 kCantonese for its character. The comparison does not say why a reading differs (a changed tone, 變音, a reading tied to one meaning, or a source variant).

Same syllable, six tones

gaa家gaa1home 假gaa2fake 架gaa3to supportgaa4—gaa5—gaa6—

Characters whose customary Unihan reading (kCantonese) is this syllable in each tone, chosen as in the tone atlas (2013 standard level, then the number of CC-CEDICT words they form), with CC-Canto 2017's meaning for that reading; a dash means no catalogue character has that reading. Checked syllables (-p, -t, -k) normally carry tones 1, 3 and 6. Character readings, not word readings; no frequency implied.

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Written characters

夏

Both source spellings are represented. Written membership is not an etymological or semantic claim.

Cantonese characters and the Mandarin bridge ↗

Mandarin comparison · separate source entries

CC-CEDICT, the Mandarin–English dictionary, lists the same written form:

夏 Xià CC-CEDICT · Mandarinthe Xia or Hsia dynasty c. 2000 BC; Xia of the Sixteen Kingdoms (407–432); surname Xia
夏 xià CC-CEDICT · Mandarinsummer

A separate source entry, shown for comparison. The same characters can carry different senses in Mandarin and in Cantonese; zimai does not align these senses.

CC-Canto includes this pinyin reference: xia4. It does not establish a Mandarin word with the same meaning.

Look up this spelling in the Mandarin dictionary ↗

Compare dictionary sources Wiktionary · 21 senses · 2 Cantonese readings

Rime Cantonese 粵拼

gaa2 · haa6

Cantonese word readings for 夏. This lexicon supplies readings, not definitions.

CanCLID contributors · CC BY 4.0 · source & license · Data pack

Wiktionary English definitions · Chinese section

Independent source senses for this spelling, with usage labels retained. Not matched to the pronunciation above.

character · Etymology 1

(literary) great; grand; magnificent; eminent
(literary) a large house / hall
(historical) the Xia people; the people of the Central Plains; by extension, China; the Chinese
(historical) the Xia dynasty
(historical) a dynastic / regime name “Xia” used by later states in Chinese history — Xia (407–431, founded by Helian Bobo)
(historical) a dynastic / regime name “Xia” used by later states in Chinese history — Xia (618–621, founded by Dou Jiande)
(historical) a dynastic / regime name “Xia” used by later states in Chinese history — Western Xia (1038–1227, founded by the Tangut people)
(historical) a dynastic / regime name “Xia” used by later states in Chinese history — Xia (1362–1371, founded by Ming Yuzhen)
a surname
(literary) variegated; five-coloured; splendid (esp. of feathers, ornamentation, dyed silk)
(archaic, music) the name of an ancient ceremonial music / hymn; also a ceremonial dance
(historical, hydronym) the Xia River (an ancient river, traditionally said to flow in summer and dry in winter)
(historical) an old name for the Han River
(historical) alternative form of 暇
(historical) alternative form of 雅 (yǎ)
(historical) alternative form of 假

character · Etymology 2

summer
(Buddhism) a Buddhist rains retreat

character · Etymology 3

(historical) alternative form of 檟 /槚 (jiǎ)
(historical, by extension) a rod / cane used for corporal punishment (esp. in schools); also, to cane, to beat
(historical, toponym) used in place names

Source page · dump 2026-09-02 · Contributors & history

Wiktionary contributors · CC BY-SA 4.0 · source & license · Data pack