DICTIONARY · CC-CEDICT

近親繁殖

简近亲繁殖 · 繁近親繁殖

Mandarin · pinyin jìn qīn fán zhí

inbreeding

Full entryShow on map

Characters in this entry

近: jìn · near, close; approach; intimate
親: qīn · relatives, parents; intimate
繁: fán · complicated, complex, difficult
殖: zhí · breed, spawn; increase; prosper
亲: qīn · relatives, parents; intimate the hazel nut or filbert tree a thorny tree

Written characters and their own readings; the entry’s pronunciation is shown above.

Explore the spelling

Mandarin tones

4–1–2–2 · jin4 qin1 fan2 zhi2

Compare attested words with these syllables ↗

Dictionary tones. Connected speech can change their realization.

Connected dictionary

5character links

Explore word families ↗Compare pronunciations ↗Open character structure ↗

Counts describe dictionary records, not word frequency or semantic similarity. Source identities stay separate.

Read this spelling in Classical texts

Follow a written form into the eight pinned witnesses: Analects, Mencius, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Xunzi, Han Feizi, Sunzi and the Mao Shijing. A match is a place to investigate; it does not prove that a modern dictionary sense fits the passage.

近親繁殖 · find source passages ↗ · 近亲繁殖 · find source passages ↗

Explore Classical grammar ↗

Compare dictionary sources Wiktionary · 1 sense

Wiktionary English definitions · Chinese section

Independent source senses for this spelling, with usage labels retained. Not matched to the pronunciation above.

noun

(biology) inbreeding

Source page · dump 2026-09-02 · Contributors & history

Wiktionary contributors · CC BY-SA 4.0 · source & license · Data pack