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苦菜花

Mandarin · pinyin Kǔ cài huā

Bitter Herbs, 1958 novel by Feng Deying 馮德英 Féng Dé yīng, made into a film in 1965

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Characters in this entry

苦: kǔ · bitter; hardship, suffering
菜: cài · vegetables; dish, order; food
花: huā · flower; blossoms

Written characters and their own readings; the entry’s pronunciation is shown above.

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Mandarin tones

3–4–1 · Ku3 cai4 hua1

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Follow a written form into the eight pinned witnesses: Analects, Mencius, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Xunzi, Han Feizi, Sunzi and the Mao Shijing. A match is a place to investigate; it does not prove that a modern dictionary sense fits the passage.

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Compare dictionary sources 1 Cantonese reading

Rime Cantonese 粵拼

fu2 coi3 faa1

Cantonese word readings for 苦菜花. This lexicon supplies readings, not definitions.

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