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參考文獻

简参考文献 · 繁參考文獻

Mandarin · pinyin cān kǎo wén xiàn

cited material
reference (to the literature)
bibliography

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Characters in this entry

參: Look up this written character
考: kǎo · examine, test; investigate
文: wén · literature, culture, writing
獻: Look up this written character
参: cān · take part in, intervene; ginseng; 21st lunar mansion, determinative star ζ Orionis (Alnitak)
献: xiàn · offer, present; show, display

Written characters and their own readings; the entry’s pronunciation is shown above.

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Mandarin tones

1–3–2–4 · can1 kao3 wen2 xian4

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Read this spelling in Classical texts

Follow a written form into the eight pinned witnesses: Analects, Mencius, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Xunzi, Han Feizi, Sunzi and the Mao Shijing. A match is a place to investigate; it does not prove that a modern dictionary sense fits the passage.

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Compare dictionary sources Wiktionary · 2 senses · 1 Cantonese reading

Rime Cantonese 粵拼

caam1 haau2 man4 hin3

Cantonese word readings for 參考文獻. This lexicon supplies readings, not definitions.

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Wiktionary English definitions · Chinese section

Independent source senses for this spelling, with usage labels retained. Not matched to the pronunciation above.

noun

cited material; referenced literature
references; bibliography

Source page · dump 2026-09-02 · Contributors & history

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