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五口通商

Mandarin · pinyin wǔ kǒu tōng shāng

the five treaty ports forced on Qing China by the 1842 treaty of Nanjing 南京條約 that concluded the First Opium War, namely: Guangzhou 廣州, Fuzhou 福州, Ningbo 寧波, Xiamen or Amoy 廈門 and Shanghai 上海

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Characters in this entry

五: wǔ · five; surname
口: kǒu · mouth; open end; entrance, gate
通: tōng · pass through; common; communicate
商: shāng · commerce, business, trade

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Mandarin tones

3–3–1–1 · wu3 kou3 tong1 shang1

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