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艱辛

简艰辛 · 繁艱辛

Mandarin · pinyin jiān xīn

hardships
arduous
difficult

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Characters in this entry

艱: Look up this written character
辛: xīn · bitter; toilsome, laborious; 8th heavenly stem; Kangxi radical 160
艰: jiān · difficult, hard; distressing

Written characters and their own readings; the entry’s pronunciation is shown above.

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Mandarin tones

1–1 · jian1 xin1

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Read this spelling in Classical texts

Follow a written form into the eight pinned witnesses: Analects, Mencius, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Xunzi, Han Feizi, Sunzi and the Mao Shijing. A match is a place to investigate; it does not prove that a modern dictionary sense fits the passage.

艱辛 · find source passages ↗ · 艰辛 · find source passages ↗

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Rime Cantonese 粵拼

gaan1 san1

Cantonese word readings for 艱辛. This lexicon supplies readings, not definitions.

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Wiktionary English definitions · Chinese section

Independent source senses for this spelling, with usage labels retained. Not matched to the pronunciation above.

adj

difficult; arduous

Source page · dump 2026-09-02 · Contributors & history

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