难

难 · nán

difficult, arduous, hard; unable

Entry ↗

Meanings & readings

Meaning & readings

difficult, arduous, hard; unable

Mandarin
nán
Cantonese
naan4

Unihan definitions and selected character readings. Read the word to establish its pronunciation in context.

Form & structure

Writing & identity

Unicode
U+96BE
Radical
隹 · 172
Strokes
10 · Unihan
Residual
2

Source record · Unihan 17.0. Individual senses and historical claims have not yet been reviewed by zimai.

Stroke order

10 strokes
难
Strokes
10
Convention
PRC · Make Me a Hanzi

10 strokes in writing order. Play to watch them, or Step through one at a time.

Modern stroke order; regional conventions can differ. Stroke medians: Make Me a Hanzi via HanziLookupJS, drawn as an even pen line.

Graphical structure

⿰又隹(GTV)
How to read these symbols

⿰ left–right · ⿱ above–below · ⿻ overlap. Dotted boxes indicate positions, not missing characters. Each symbol describes the components that follow it; nested symbols describe a component in more detail. Source codes identify alternative analyses, not a writing sequence or an etymology.

BabelStone IDS · 2025-06-27. Region tags are preserved; 〾 marks approximation and {n} identifies an unencoded source component. These describe graphical structure, not historical derivation.

Words & connections

Words using 难

Character connections

4 catalogue records include this shape in their first retained IDS. Graphical containment does not imply shared etymology.

History & distinctions

Related forms

難

Unihan traditional/simplified variant properties. Conversion may depend on context.

Sources & reference

Evidence & next depth

Source editions & exact scope ↗
Retained Unihan properties
kMandarin
nán
kCantonese
naan4
kDefinition
difficult, arduous, hard; unable
kTotalStrokes
10
kRSUnicode
172.2 29.8
kTraditionalVariant
U+96BE U+96E3
kSimplifiedVariant
U+96BE
kTGH
2013:2147

Readings across dictionaries

Xiandai Hanyu · 1983
nán 0817.010 · nàn 0818.040
Tongyong Guifan · 2013
nán 262.010 · nàn 262.080
Reading counts · XDHYPLCD
nán(795) nan(344) nàn(82)
Small numbers locate dictionary entries; 粵 introduces Cantonese. Includes rare or historical readings. Source notation ↗

Reference desk

Sentences in context

Find examples using 难 ↗

The attributed sentence collection is still small; this spelling has no retained example yet.

Study this character

Structure & connections

0.10
251dictionary records using 难4forms using this shape0attributed sound links
⿰ Left / right

Shape description
又 beside 隹 · the shape used in China, Taiwan, Vietnam
Source notation ^⿰又隹$(GTV)
BabelStone · 2025-06-27. Encoded shape and region tags; graphical analysis does not establish historical function.

Decompose & trace ↗Browse all 251 word records ↗Explore sound families ↗Component search ↗
Retained descriptions & scope

^⿰又隹$(GTV)

All alternatives are retained. Only the first description drives component search and graphical links. Counts describe this snapshot, not frequency. Evidence and method.