艰 · jiān
difficult, hard; distressing
Meanings & readings
Meaning & readings
difficult, hard; distressing
- Mandarin
- jiān
- Cantonese
- gaan1
Unihan definitions and selected character readings. Read the word to establish its pronunciation in context.
Form & structure
Writing & identity
- Unicode
- U+8270
- Radical
- 艮 · 138
- Strokes
- 8 · Unihan
- Residual
- 2
Source record · Unihan 17.0. Individual senses and historical claims have not yet been reviewed by zimai.
Stroke order
8 strokesModern stroke order; regional conventions can differ. Stroke medians: Make Me a Hanzi via HanziLookupJS, drawn as an even pen line.
Graphical structure
How to read these symbols
⿰ left–right · ⿱ above–below · ⿻ overlap. Dotted boxes indicate positions, not missing characters. Each symbol describes the components that follow it; nested symbols describe a component in more detail. Source codes identify alternative analyses, not a writing sequence or an etymology.
BabelStone IDS · 2025-06-27. Region tags are preserved; 〾 marks approximation and {n} identifies an unencoded source component. These describe graphical structure, not historical derivation.
Words & connections
Words using 艰
Character connections
No reverse component match in this collection.
History & distinctions
Related forms
艱
Unihan traditional/simplified variant properties. Conversion may depend on context.
Sources & reference
Evidence & next depth
Retained Unihan properties
- kMandarin
- jiān
- kCantonese
- gaan1
- kDefinition
- difficult, hard; distressing
- kTotalStrokes
- 8
- kRSUnicode
- 138.2 29.6
- kTraditionalVariant
- U+8271
- kTGH
- 2013:1335
Readings across dictionaries
- Xiandai Hanyu · 1983
- jiān 0549.010
- Tongyong Guifan · 2013
- jiān 163.050
- Reading counts · XDHYPLCD
- jiān(211)