公案

Mandarin · pinyin gōng àn

Meanings

  1. judge's desk
  2. complex legal case
  3. contentious issue
  4. koan (Zen Buddhism)
Full entryShow on map

Characters in this entry

公
gōng · fair, equitable; public; duke
案
àn · table, bench; legal case
Written characters and their own readings; the entry’s pronunciation is shown above.

Explore the spelling

Mandarin tones

1–4 · gong1 an4

Compare attested words with these syllables ↗

Dictionary tones. Connected speech can change their realization.

Connected dictionary

2character links
Explore word families ↗Compare pronunciations ↗Open character structure ↗
Counts describe dictionary records, not word frequency or semantic similarity. Source identities stay separate.

Read this spelling in Classical texts

Follow a written form into the eight pinned witnesses: Analects, Mencius, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Xunzi, Han Feizi, Sunzi and the Mao Shijing. A match is a place to investigate; it does not prove that a modern dictionary sense fits the passage.

公案 · find source passages ↗

Explore Classical grammar ↗

Compare dictionary sources Wiktionary · 4 senses

Wiktionary English definitions · Chinese section

Independent source senses for this spelling, with usage labels retained. Not matched to the pronunciation above.

noun

  1. (law, literary) court table (used by a judge)
  2. (law, figurative) complicated legal case
  3. (figurative) much discussed issue; sensational affair
  4. (Zen Buddhism) koan

Source page · dump 2026-09-02 · Contributors & history

Wiktionary contributors · CC BY-SA 4.0 · source & license · Data pack