研 · yán
grind, rub; study, research
Meanings & readings
Meaning & readings
grind, rub; study, research
- Mandarin
- yán
- Cantonese
- jin4
Unihan definitions and selected character readings. Read the word to establish its pronunciation in context.
Readings in Japanese, Korean & Vietnamese
Readings recorded for 研 in other language traditions. These are character-level records, not word translations or interchangeable pronunciations.
Japanese 日本語
Grouped by the source’s kana notation; no frequency ranking is implied.
On’yomi · katakana
Kun’yomi · hiragana
Katakana generally indicates on’yomi; hiragana generally indicates kun’yomi. The source does not identify everyday, rare, historical or name use per reading. Kana strings are preserved, including any written endings; consult a Japanese word entry for actual use.
Go deeperJisho ↗Wiktionary ↗
Korean 한국어
Not recorded for this exact character in this dataset. This does not mean the language has no reading.
Vietnamese Tiếng Việt
Character readings · Quốc ngữ
Vietnamese readings associated with this Han character. This field alone does not establish word meanings, current usage, or a complete account of Hán-Nôm reading traditions.
Go deeperNaver Hanja ↗Wiktionary ↗
Go deeperHán Việt (Thi Viện) ↗Wiktionary ↗
Source record & scope
Unicode Unihan 17.0.0 · kVietnamese ↗ · provisional property
nghiên nghiền nghiến nghiệnForm & structure
Writing & identity
- Unicode
- U+7814
- Radical
- 石 · 112
- Strokes
- 9 · Unihan
- Residual
- 4
Source record · Unihan 17.0. Individual senses and historical claims have not yet been reviewed by zimai.
Stroke order
9 strokesModern stroke order; regional conventions can differ. Stroke medians: Make Me a Hanzi via HanziLookupJS, drawn as an even pen line.
Graphical structure
How to read these symbols
⿰ left–right · ⿱ above–below · ⿻ overlap. Dotted boxes indicate positions, not missing characters. Each symbol describes the components that follow it; nested symbols describe a component in more detail. Source codes identify alternative analyses, not a writing sequence or an etymology.
BabelStone IDS · 2025-06-27. Region tags are preserved; 〾 marks approximation and {n} identifies an unencoded source component. These describe graphical structure, not historical derivation.
Words & connections
Words using 研
Character connections
No reverse component match in this collection.
History & distinctions
Related forms
No simplified/traditional variant property is retained for this record.
Historical readings
- Middle Chinese
- ngen · 五堅 反切 · #588
- Middle Chinese
- ngenH · 吾甸 反切 · #2704
Guangyun-based transcriptions · PHONO-ML · CC BY 4.0. These describe historical reading categories, not modern word pronunciation.
Source row & reading categories
CSV line 4788 · ngen = 山開四平先疑 · ngenH = 山開四去先疑
Automatically generated in the source dataset; the authors checked a subset and acknowledge possible errors. All source readings are retained separately. Notation & method ↗
Sources & reference
Evidence & next depth
Retained Unihan properties
- kMandarin
- yán
- kCantonese
- jin4
- kDefinition
- grind, rub; study, research
- kTotalStrokes
- 9
- kRSUnicode
- 112.4
- kGradeLevel
- 3
- kTGH
- 2013:1446
Readings across dictionaries
- Hanyu Da Zidian
- yán,yàn,xíng 42418.140
- Xiandai Hanyu · 1983
- yán 1325.030 · yàn 1333.010
- Tongyong Guifan · 2013
- yán 422.090
- Reading counts · XDHYPLCD
- yán(1242)
- Mandarin / Cantonese · SMSZD
- yán粵jin4
Reference desk
- Fanqie spellings
- 五堅 吾甸
- Kangxi positions
- 0828.241
- Guangyun positions
- 135.23 408.14
- GSR references
- 0239h
- Cangjie
- MRMT
- Four-corner
- 1164.0