{"id":"xunzi-023-0001","work":"xunzi","chapter":"xunzi-023","chapterTitle":"性惡篇第二十三","chapterNumber":23,"ordinal":1,"text":"人之性惡，其善者偽也。","source":{"repository":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR3a0002","commit":"e18a27621ef434940a368defd29e00eee205dfd2","file":"KR3a0002_023.txt","lineStart":14,"lineEnd":15,"fileSha256":"bcd4df887e25970e3d73b080850805203c9b48d48611e949f8849ad461d2e895","edition":"tls","sourceLabels":["XUN 23.01:01; 23:1a, Knoblock 3:150, tr. CH"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR3a0002/blob/e18a27621ef434940a368defd29e00eee205dfd2/KR3a0002_023.txt#L14-L15","rawUrl":"/data/classical-0.12.0/sources/KR3a0002/KR3a0002_023.txt","author":"Traditionally associated with Xun Kuang; the received collection contains multiple textual layers.","contributor":"Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},"route":"/classical/passage/xunzi-023-0001/","notes":[{"id":"r111","passage":"xunzi-023-0001","quote":"人之性惡，其善者偽也","focus":"偽","start":0,"end":10,"focusStart":8,"topics":["zhi-link","qi","nominal"],"translation":"Human nature is bad; its goodness is deliberate human achievement.","note":"其 resumes the human subject; 者 helps set off goodness as the topic of the second judgment. 偽 is read here as cultivated or deliberate activity, not simply deceit. The nature/activity distinction is disputed in scholarship; the contrast in this sentence must remain visible before comparing it with Mencius.","question":"Why is translating 偽 as dishonesty misleading here?","answer":"The clause credits cultivated activity with goodness; it is distinguishing that activity from 性.","attribution":{"author":"zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes","status":"Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","revision":"0.12.0"}}],"previous":"xunzi-022-0050","next":"xunzi-023-0002","nearby":[{"id":"xunzi-023-0001","ordinal":1,"text":"人之性惡，其善者偽也。","annotated":true},{"id":"xunzi-023-0002","ordinal":2,"text":"今人之性，生而有好利焉，順是，故爭奪生而辭讓亡焉；生而有疾惡焉，順是，故殘賊生而忠信亡焉；","annotated":false},{"id":"xunzi-023-0003","ordinal":3,"text":"生而有耳目之欲，有好聲色焉，順是，故淫亂生而禮義文理亡焉。然則從人之性，順人之情，必出於爭奪，合於犯文亂理而歸於暴。","annotated":false},{"id":"xunzi-023-0004","ordinal":4,"text":"故必將有師法之化、禮義之道，然後出於辭讓、合於文理而歸於治。用此觀之，然則人之性惡明矣，其善者偽也。","annotated":false},{"id":"xunzi-023-0005","ordinal":5,"text":"故枸木必將待檃括、烝矯然後直，鈍金必將待礱、厲然後利。今人之性惡，必將待師法然後正，得禮義然後治。","annotated":false},{"id":"xunzi-023-0006","ordinal":6,"text":"今人無師法則偏險而不正，無禮義則悖亂而不治。古者聖王以人之性惡，以為偏險而不正，悖亂而不治，","annotated":false},{"id":"xunzi-023-0007","ordinal":7,"text":"是以為之起禮義、制法度以矯飾人之情性而正之，以擾化人之情性而導之也，使皆出於治、合於道者也。","annotated":false},{"id":"xunzi-023-0008","ordinal":8,"text":"今之人，化師法、積文學、道禮義者為君子；縱性情、安恣睢而違禮義者為小人。用此觀之，然則人之性惡明矣，其善者偽也。","annotated":false},{"id":"xunzi-023-0009","ordinal":9,"text":"孟子曰：「人之學者，其性善。」曰：是不然。是不及知人之性，而不察乎人（人）之性偽之分者也。","annotated":false}],"related":[{"id":"lunyu-001-0012","workTitle":"論語","text":"父在，觀其志；父沒，觀其行","reason":"Track whose, which, and whose perspective"},{"id":"lunyu-001-0013","workTitle":"論語","text":"禮之用，和為貴","reason":"Connect a modifier to a head"},{"id":"lunyu-002-0011","workTitle":"論語","text":"觀其所由，察其所安","reason":"Track whose, which, and whose perspective"},{"id":"lunyu-002-0019","workTitle":"論語","text":"慎言其餘，則寡尤","reason":"Track whose, which, and whose perspective"}],"knowledge":[],"connections":[{"id":"nature-and-cultivation","title":"What counts as human nature?","label":"Argument contrast","reason":"These passages state sharply different judgments about 性. Compare the role assigned to deliberate cultivation and the water analogy before deciding whether the same boundaries of nature are being assumed. This is a comparison of claims, not a complete resolution of their disagreement."}],"phraseConnections":[{"phrase":"其善者偽","id":"xunzi-023-0004","route":"/classical/passage/xunzi-023-0004/","workTitle":"荀子","chapterTitle":"性惡篇第二十三","text":"歸於治。用此觀之，然則人之性惡明矣，其善者偽也。","cross":false,"frequency":10},{"phrase":"其善者偽","id":"xunzi-023-0008","route":"/classical/passage/xunzi-023-0008/","workTitle":"荀子","chapterTitle":"性惡篇第二十三","text":"為小人。用此觀之，然則人之性惡明矣，其善者偽也。","cross":false,"frequency":10},{"phrase":"其善者偽","id":"xunzi-023-0014","route":"/classical/passage/xunzi-023-0014/","workTitle":"荀子","chapterTitle":"性惡篇第二十三","text":"用此觀之，然則人之性惡明矣，其善者偽也。","cross":false,"frequency":10}],"studyRecord":{"route":"/classical/passage/xunzi-023-0001/","text":"人之性惡，其善者偽也。","kind":"passage","script":"Hant","definitions":["人之性惡，其善者偽也 — Human nature is bad; its goodness is deliberate human achievement."],"mandarin":"","cantonese":[],"characters":[],"edition":"荀子 · 性惡篇第二十三 · 1","dataset":"Kanseki Repository · KR3a0002","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR3a0002/blob/e18a27621ef434940a368defd29e00eee205dfd2/KR3a0002_023.txt#L14-L15","source":{"line":14,"recordSha256":"ce750816380b43fdb9e963f2928220866549591bf1fb75813988fc96fbc97177"},"classical":{"author":"Traditionally associated with Xun Kuang; the received collection contains multiple textual layers.","contributor":"Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.","source":{"repository":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR3a0002","commit":"e18a27621ef434940a368defd29e00eee205dfd2","file":"KR3a0002_023.txt","lineStart":14,"lineEnd":15,"fileSha256":"bcd4df887e25970e3d73b080850805203c9b48d48611e949f8849ad461d2e895","edition":"tls","sourceLabels":["XUN 23.01:01; 23:1a, Knoblock 3:150, tr. CH"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR3a0002/blob/e18a27621ef434940a368defd29e00eee205dfd2/KR3a0002_023.txt#L14-L15","rawUrl":"/data/classical-0.12.0/sources/KR3a0002/KR3a0002_023.txt","author":"Traditionally associated with Xun Kuang; the received collection contains multiple textual layers.","contributor":"Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},"notes":[{"id":"r111","passage":"xunzi-023-0001","quote":"人之性惡，其善者偽也","focus":"偽","start":0,"end":10,"focusStart":8,"topics":["zhi-link","qi","nominal"],"translation":"Human nature is bad; its goodness is deliberate human achievement.","note":"其 resumes the human subject; 者 helps set off goodness as the topic of the second judgment. 偽 is read here as cultivated or deliberate activity, not simply deceit. The nature/activity distinction is disputed in scholarship; the contrast in this sentence must remain visible before comparing it with Mencius.","question":"Why is translating 偽 as dishonesty misleading here?","answer":"The clause credits cultivated activity with goodness; it is distinguishing that activity from 性.","attribution":{"author":"zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes","status":"Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","revision":"0.12.0"}}],"editorial":{"author":"zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes","status":"Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","revision":"0.12.0"},"interpretationScope":"English is provided only for the quoted teaching excerpt; source passage remains unchanged."}}}