{"id":"xunzi-022-0014","work":"xunzi","chapter":"xunzi-022","chapterTitle":"正名篇第二十二","chapterNumber":22,"ordinal":14,"text":"名無固宜，約之以命，約定俗成謂之宜，異於約則謂之不宜。名無固實，約之以命（實），約定俗成謂之實名。名有固善，徑易而不拂，謂之善名。","source":{"repository":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR3a0002","commit":"e18a27621ef434940a368defd29e00eee205dfd2","file":"KR3a0002_022.txt","lineStart":185,"lineEnd":195,"fileSha256":"0de16d59abd57f0afeadb2c457a2ee0dc396477e67893c965658872ee7d0cbeb","edition":"tls","sourceLabels":["XUN 22:2g:1, Beida p.372f;Knoblock 3:130f"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR3a0002/blob/e18a27621ef434940a368defd29e00eee205dfd2/KR3a0002_022.txt#L185-L195","rawUrl":"/data/classical-0.12.0/sources/KR3a0002/KR3a0002_022.txt","author":"Traditionally associated with Xun Kuang; the received collection contains multiple textual layers.","contributor":"Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},"route":"/classical/passage/xunzi-022-0014/","notes":[{"id":"r110","passage":"xunzi-022-0014","quote":"名無固宜，約之以命，約定俗成謂之宜","focus":"之","start":0,"end":17,"focusStart":6,"topics":["zhi-object","yi","negation"],"translation":"Names have no fixed inherent fitness; they are assigned by agreement, and established convention is called fitting.","note":"The paragraph distinguishes a name's fit from the conventions that sustain it. Recover the referent of each 之 locally rather than assuming both name the same kind of thing. This argument does not imply that any private change of wording automatically becomes intelligible to a community.","question":"What makes a naming practice count as fitting in this sentence?","answer":"Agreement that has become established convention.","attribution":{"author":"zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes","status":"Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","revision":"0.12.0"}}],"previous":"xunzi-022-0013","next":"xunzi-022-0015","nearby":[{"id":"xunzi-022-0011","ordinal":11,"text":"徵知，則緣耳而知聲可也，緣目而知形可也，然而徵知必將待天官之當簿其類然後可也；五官簿之而不知，心徵之而無說，則人莫不然謂之不知，此所緣而以同異也。","annotated":false},{"id":"xunzi-022-0012","ordinal":12,"text":"然後隨而命之：同則同之，異則異之；單足以喻則單，單不足以喻則兼；單與兼無所相避則共；雖共、不為害矣。知異實者之異名也，故使異實者莫不異名也，不可亂也，猶使同實者莫不同名也。","annotated":false},{"id":"xunzi-022-0013","ordinal":13,"text":"故萬物雖眾，有時而欲徧舉之，故謂之物。物也者、大共名也。推而共之，共則有共，至於無共然後止。有時而欲偏舉之，故謂之鳥獸。鳥獸也者、大別名也。推而別之，別則有別，至於無別然後止。","annotated":false},{"id":"xunzi-022-0014","ordinal":14,"text":"名無固宜，約之以命，約定俗成謂之宜，異於約則謂之不宜。名無固實，約之以命（實），約定俗成謂之實名。名有固善，徑易而不拂，謂之善名。","annotated":true},{"id":"xunzi-022-0015","ordinal":15,"text":"物有同狀而異所者，有異狀而同所者，可別也。狀同而為異所者，雖可合，謂之二實。狀變而實無別而為異者，謂之化。有化而無別，謂之一實。此事之所以稽實定數也，此制名之樞要也。後王之成名，不可不察也。","annotated":false},{"id":"xunzi-022-0016","ordinal":16,"text":"「見侮不辱」，「聖人不愛己」，「殺盜非殺人也」，此惑於用名以亂名者也。驗之所（以）為有名而觀其孰行，則能禁之矣。","annotated":false},{"id":"xunzi-022-0017","ordinal":17,"text":"「山淵平」，「情欲寡」，「芻豢不加甘，大鐘不加樂」，此惑於用實以亂名者也。驗之所緣（無）以同異而觀其孰調，則能禁之矣。","annotated":false},{"id":"xunzi-022-0018","ordinal":18,"text":"「非而謁楹」，「有牛馬，非馬也」，此惑於用名以亂實者也。驗之名約，以其所受悖其所辭，則能禁之矣。","annotated":false},{"id":"xunzi-022-0019","ordinal":19,"text":"凡邪說辟言之離正道而擅作者，無不類於三惑者矣。故明君知其分而不與辨也。","annotated":false}],"related":[{"id":"lunyu-001-0001","workTitle":"論語","text":"學而時習之","reason":"Recover the object"},{"id":"lunyu-001-0002","workTitle":"論語","text":"未之有也","reason":"Recover the object"},{"id":"lunyu-001-0006","workTitle":"論語","text":"使民以時","reason":"Identify means, basis, and purpose"},{"id":"lunyu-001-0008","workTitle":"論語","text":"雖曰未學，吾必謂之學矣","reason":"Recover the object"}],"knowledge":[],"connections":[{"id":"names-and-their-conditions","title":"Naming under convention and under a paradox","label":"Different contextual senses","reason":"Xunzi addresses how agreed usage makes a name fitting; Laozi questions the constancy of names that can be named. Their shared 名 is an invitation to compare predicates and aims, not a warrant to assign one theory of language to both."}],"phraseConnections":[{"phrase":"則謂之不","id":"hanfeizi-045-0010","route":"/classical/passage/hanfeizi-045-0010/","workTitle":"韓非子","chapterTitle":"詭使第四十五","text":"言時節，行中適，則謂之不肖。無二心私學，聽吏從教者，則謂之陋。","cross":true,"frequency":2}],"studyRecord":{"route":"/classical/passage/xunzi-022-0014/","text":"名無固宜，約之以命，約定俗成謂之宜，異於約則謂之不宜。名無固實，約之以命（實），約定俗成謂之實名。名有固善，徑易而不拂，謂之善名。","kind":"passage","script":"Hant","definitions":["名無固宜，約之以命，約定俗成謂之宜 — Names have no fixed inherent fitness; they are assigned by agreement, and established convention is called fitting."],"mandarin":"","cantonese":[],"characters":[],"edition":"荀子 · 正名篇第二十二 · 14","dataset":"Kanseki Repository · KR3a0002","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR3a0002/blob/e18a27621ef434940a368defd29e00eee205dfd2/KR3a0002_022.txt#L185-L195","source":{"line":185,"recordSha256":"2eeabbd6ea3bb1136d5a2147ba938fc746c71a88f1fc16b57d3c187ec36753c0"},"classical":{"author":"Traditionally associated with Xun Kuang; the received collection contains multiple textual layers.","contributor":"Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.","source":{"repository":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR3a0002","commit":"e18a27621ef434940a368defd29e00eee205dfd2","file":"KR3a0002_022.txt","lineStart":185,"lineEnd":195,"fileSha256":"0de16d59abd57f0afeadb2c457a2ee0dc396477e67893c965658872ee7d0cbeb","edition":"tls","sourceLabels":["XUN 22:2g:1, Beida p.372f;Knoblock 3:130f"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR3a0002/blob/e18a27621ef434940a368defd29e00eee205dfd2/KR3a0002_022.txt#L185-L195","rawUrl":"/data/classical-0.12.0/sources/KR3a0002/KR3a0002_022.txt","author":"Traditionally associated with Xun Kuang; the received collection contains multiple textual layers.","contributor":"Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},"notes":[{"id":"r110","passage":"xunzi-022-0014","quote":"名無固宜，約之以命，約定俗成謂之宜","focus":"之","start":0,"end":17,"focusStart":6,"topics":["zhi-object","yi","negation"],"translation":"Names have no fixed inherent fitness; they are assigned by agreement, and established convention is called fitting.","note":"The paragraph distinguishes a name's fit from the conventions that sustain it. Recover the referent of each 之 locally rather than assuming both name the same kind of thing. This argument does not imply that any private change of wording automatically becomes intelligible to a community.","question":"What makes a naming practice count as fitting in this sentence?","answer":"Agreement that has become established convention.","attribution":{"author":"zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes","status":"Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","revision":"0.12.0"}}],"editorial":{"author":"zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes","status":"Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","revision":"0.12.0"},"interpretationScope":"English is provided only for the quoted teaching excerpt; source passage remains unchanged."}}}