{"id":"xunzi-022-0008","work":"xunzi","chapter":"xunzi-022","chapterTitle":"正名篇第二十二","chapterNumber":22,"ordinal":8,"text":"異形離心，交喻異物，名實互紐，貴賤不明，同異不別；如是，則志必有不喻之患，而事必有困廢之禍。故知者為之分別制名以指實，上以明貴賤，下以辨同異。貴賤明，同異別；如是，則志無不喻之患，事無困廢之禍，此所為有名也。","source":{"repository":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR3a0002","commit":"e18a27621ef434940a368defd29e00eee205dfd2","file":"KR3a0002_022.txt","lineStart":104,"lineEnd":117,"fileSha256":"0de16d59abd57f0afeadb2c457a2ee0dc396477e67893c965658872ee7d0cbeb","edition":"tls","sourceLabels":["XUN 22:2b, Beida p.370; Knoblock 3:128f"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR3a0002/blob/e18a27621ef434940a368defd29e00eee205dfd2/KR3a0002_022.txt#L104-L117","rawUrl":"/data/classical-0.12.0/sources/KR3a0002/KR3a0002_022.txt","author":"Traditionally associated with Xun Kuang; the received collection contains multiple textual layers.","contributor":"Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},"route":"/classical/passage/xunzi-022-0008/","notes":[],"previous":"xunzi-022-0007","next":"xunzi-022-0009","nearby":[{"id":"xunzi-022-0005","ordinal":5,"text":"故王者之制名，名定而實辨，道行而志通，則慎率民而一焉。故析辭擅作（名）以亂正名，使民疑惑，人多辨訟，則謂之大姦；其罪猶為符節、度量之罪也。故其民莫敢託為奇辭以亂正名。故其民愨，愨則易使，易使則功。","annotated":false},{"id":"xunzi-022-0006","ordinal":6,"text":"其民莫敢託為奇辭以亂正名，故壹於道法而謹於循令矣。如是，則其迹長矣。迹長功成，治之極也，是謹於守名約之功也。","annotated":false},{"id":"xunzi-022-0007","ordinal":7,"text":"今聖王沒，名守慢，奇辭起，名實亂，是非之形不明，則雖守法之吏，誦數之儒，亦皆亂。若有王者起，必將有循於舊名，有作於新名。然則所為有名，與所緣以同異，與制名之樞要，不可不察也。","annotated":false},{"id":"xunzi-022-0008","ordinal":8,"text":"異形離心，交喻異物，名實互紐，貴賤不明，同異不別；如是，則志必有不喻之患，而事必有困廢之禍。故知者為之分別制名以指實，上以明貴賤，下以辨同異。貴賤明，同異別；如是，則志無不喻之患，事無困廢之禍，此所為有名也。","annotated":false},{"id":"xunzi-022-0009","ordinal":9,"text":"然則何緣而以同異？曰：緣天官。凡同類同情者，其天官之意物也同，故比方之疑似而通，是所以共其約名以相期也。","annotated":false},{"id":"xunzi-022-0010","ordinal":10,"text":"形體色理以目異，聲音清濁、調竽奇聲以耳異，甘苦鹹淡辛酸奇味以口異，香臭芬鬱腥臊漏庮奇臭以鼻異，疾養凔熱、滑鈹輕重以形體異，說故喜怒哀樂愛惡欲以心異。心有徵知。","annotated":false},{"id":"xunzi-022-0011","ordinal":11,"text":"徵知，則緣耳而知聲可也，緣目而知形可也，然而徵知必將待天官之當簿其類然後可也；五官簿之而不知，心徵之而無說，則人莫不然謂之不知，此所緣而以同異也。","annotated":false},{"id":"xunzi-022-0012","ordinal":12,"text":"然後隨而命之：同則同之，異則異之；單足以喻則單，單不足以喻則兼；單與兼無所相避則共；雖共、不為害矣。知異實者之異名也，故使異實者莫不異名也，不可亂也，猶使同實者莫不同名也。","annotated":false},{"id":"xunzi-022-0013","ordinal":13,"text":"故萬物雖眾，有時而欲徧舉之，故謂之物。物也者、大共名也。推而共之，共則有共，至於無共然後止。有時而欲偏舉之，故謂之鳥獸。鳥獸也者、大別名也。推而別之，別則有別，至於無別然後止。","annotated":false}],"related":[],"knowledge":[],"connections":[],"phraseConnections":[{"phrase":"故知者為","id":"xunzi-010-0006","route":"/classical/passage/xunzi-010-0006/","workTitle":"荀子","chapterTitle":"富國篇第十","text":"是，則人有失合之憂，而有爭色之禍矣。故知者為之分也。","cross":false,"frequency":2},{"phrase":"所為有名","id":"xunzi-022-0007","route":"/classical/passage/xunzi-022-0007/","workTitle":"荀子","chapterTitle":"正名篇第二十二","text":"起，必將有循於舊名，有作於新名。然則所為有名，與所緣以同異，與制名之樞要，不可不察也。","cross":false,"frequency":2}],"studyRecord":{"route":"/classical/passage/xunzi-022-0008/","text":"異形離心，交喻異物，名實互紐，貴賤不明，同異不別；如是，則志必有不喻之患，而事必有困廢之禍。故知者為之分別制名以指實，上以明貴賤，下以辨同異。貴賤明，同異別；如是，則志無不喻之患，事無困廢之禍，此所為有名也。","kind":"passage","script":"Hant","definitions":["Unannotated source passage. 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