{"id":"sunzi-014-0003","work":"sunzi","chapter":"sunzi-014","chapterTitle":"用間篇","chapterNumber":14,"ordinal":3,"text":"先知者，不可取於鬼神，不可象於事，不可驗於度，必取於人知敵之情者也。故用間有五：有因間，有內間，有反間，有死間，有生間。","source":{"repository":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR3b0003","commit":"96402eede8bde255fef03e02377448bbcf20a248","file":"KR3b0003_014.txt","lineStart":39,"lineEnd":50,"fileSha256":"d86d923d5fd75ffded870517635461fec152cda197a6d0f31f1af91146e29966","edition":"tls","sourceLabels":["SUN 13.3 tr. Giles 1910: 163-164. See Guo Huaruo 1962: 225-226; Wu Jiulong 1991: 238-239; Li Ling 1997: 125, tr. Ames 1993: 169; tr. Sawyer 1993: 185"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR3b0003/blob/96402eede8bde255fef03e02377448bbcf20a248/KR3b0003_014.txt#L39-L50","rawUrl":"/data/classical-0.12.0/sources/KR3b0003/KR3b0003_014.txt","author":"Traditionally attributed to Sun Wu; the date and formation of the received text are debated.","contributor":"Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},"route":"/classical/passage/sunzi-014-0003/","notes":[{"id":"r172","passage":"sunzi-014-0003","quote":"必取於人知敵之情者也","focus":"者","start":23,"end":33,"focusStart":31,"topics":["zhe","yu","zhi-link"],"translation":"It must be obtained from people who know the enemy's actual situation.","note":"者 closes the description 知敵之情 and identifies the human source of knowledge. The opening of the sentence rejects several other routes to foreknowledge. This is a claim about intelligence gathering in the chapter's setting, not a general proof that testimony is always accurate.","question":"What qualifies the people from whom knowledge is to be obtained?","answer":"They know the enemy's actual situation; the description is closed by 者.","attribution":{"author":"zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes","status":"Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","revision":"0.12.0"}}],"previous":"sunzi-014-0002","next":"sunzi-014-0004","nearby":[{"id":"sunzi-014-0001","ordinal":1,"text":"孫子曰：凡興師十萬，出征千里，百姓之費，公家之奉，日費千金，內外騷動，怠於道路，不得操事者七十萬家，","annotated":false},{"id":"sunzi-014-0002","ordinal":2,"text":"相守數年，以爭一日之勝，而愛爵祿百金，不知敵之情者，不仁之至也，非人之將也，非主之佐也，非勝之主也。故明君賢將，所以動而勝人，成功出於眾者，先知也。","annotated":false},{"id":"sunzi-014-0003","ordinal":3,"text":"先知者，不可取於鬼神，不可象於事，不可驗於度，必取於人知敵之情者也。故用間有五：有因間，有內間，有反間，有死間，有生間。","annotated":true},{"id":"sunzi-014-0004","ordinal":4,"text":"五間俱起，莫知其道，是謂神紀，人君之寶也。因間者，因其鄉人而用之；內間者，因其官人而用之；反間者，因其敵間而用之；死間者，為誑事於外，令吾間知之，而傳於敵間也；","annotated":false},{"id":"sunzi-014-0005","ordinal":5,"text":"生間者，反報也。故三軍之事，莫親於間，賞莫厚於間，事莫密於間。非聖智不能用間，非仁義不能使間，非微妙不能得間之實。微哉，微哉，無所不用間也。間事未發而先聞者，間與所告者皆死。","annotated":false},{"id":"sunzi-014-0006","ordinal":6,"text":"凡軍之所欲擊，城之所欲攻，人之所欲殺，必先知其守將、左右、謁者、門者、舍人之姓名，令吾間必索知之。必索敵人之間來間我者，因而利之，導而舍之，故反間可得而用也；因是而知之，故鄉間、內間可得而使也；","annotated":false},{"id":"sunzi-014-0007","ordinal":7,"text":"因是而知之，故死間為誑事，可使告敵；因是而知之，故生間可使如期。五間之事，主必知之，知之必在於反間，故反間不可不厚也。","annotated":false},{"id":"sunzi-014-0008","ordinal":8,"text":"昔殷之興也，伊摯在夏；周之興也，呂牙在殷。故惟明君賢將，能以上智為間者，必成大功。此兵之要，三軍之所恃而動也。","annotated":false}],"related":[{"id":"lunyu-001-0011","workTitle":"論語","text":"夫子至於是邦也","reason":"Locate a relation"},{"id":"lunyu-001-0013","workTitle":"論語","text":"禮之用，和為貴","reason":"Connect a modifier to a head"},{"id":"lunyu-001-0014","workTitle":"論語","text":"信近於義","reason":"Locate a relation"},{"id":"lunyu-001-0016","workTitle":"論語","text":"未若貧而樂道，富而好禮者也","reason":"Name the one, thing, or situation"}],"knowledge":[],"connections":[{"id":"knowing-and-access","title":"Who has access to what is known?","label":"Argument contrast","reason":"Sunzi specifies human sources acquainted with an enemy’s situation; Huizi challenges Zhuangzi’s claim to know a fish’s enjoyment. Both raise access to knowledge, but testimony in military planning and a philosophical dialogue must not be collapsed into the same evidential test."}],"phraseConnections":[{"phrase":"之情者也","id":"zhuangzi-017-0026","route":"/classical/passage/zhuangzi-017-0026/","workTitle":"莊子","chapterTitle":"秋水第十七","text":"，師治而无亂乎？是未明天地之理，萬物之情者也。是猶師天而无地，師陰而无陽，其不可行明矣。然且語而不舍，非愚則誣也。","cross":true,"frequency":2},{"phrase":"知敵之情","id":"sunzi-014-0002","route":"/classical/passage/sunzi-014-0002/","workTitle":"孫子","chapterTitle":"用間篇","text":"數年，以爭一日之勝，而愛爵祿百金，不知敵之情者，不仁之至也，非人之將也，非主之佐也，非勝之主也。故明君賢將，所以動而勝人，成功出","cross":false,"frequency":2}],"studyRecord":{"route":"/classical/passage/sunzi-014-0003/","text":"先知者，不可取於鬼神，不可象於事，不可驗於度，必取於人知敵之情者也。故用間有五：有因間，有內間，有反間，有死間，有生間。","kind":"passage","script":"Hant","definitions":["必取於人知敵之情者也 — It must be obtained from people who know the enemy's actual situation."],"mandarin":"","cantonese":[],"characters":[],"edition":"孫子 · 用間篇 · 3","dataset":"Kanseki Repository · KR3b0003","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR3b0003/blob/96402eede8bde255fef03e02377448bbcf20a248/KR3b0003_014.txt#L39-L50","source":{"line":39,"recordSha256":"b69fd3b4eed315fdb4f7ad20629277e9f687e144b29c3ee1d5d146372958f08e"},"classical":{"author":"Traditionally attributed to Sun Wu; the date and formation of the received text are debated.","contributor":"Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.","source":{"repository":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR3b0003","commit":"96402eede8bde255fef03e02377448bbcf20a248","file":"KR3b0003_014.txt","lineStart":39,"lineEnd":50,"fileSha256":"d86d923d5fd75ffded870517635461fec152cda197a6d0f31f1af91146e29966","edition":"tls","sourceLabels":["SUN 13.3 tr. Giles 1910: 163-164. See Guo Huaruo 1962: 225-226; Wu Jiulong 1991: 238-239; Li Ling 1997: 125, tr. Ames 1993: 169; tr. Sawyer 1993: 185"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR3b0003/blob/96402eede8bde255fef03e02377448bbcf20a248/KR3b0003_014.txt#L39-L50","rawUrl":"/data/classical-0.12.0/sources/KR3b0003/KR3b0003_014.txt","author":"Traditionally attributed to Sun Wu; the date and formation of the received text are debated.","contributor":"Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},"notes":[{"id":"r172","passage":"sunzi-014-0003","quote":"必取於人知敵之情者也","focus":"者","start":23,"end":33,"focusStart":31,"topics":["zhe","yu","zhi-link"],"translation":"It must be obtained from people who know the enemy's actual situation.","note":"者 closes the description 知敵之情 and identifies the human source of knowledge. The opening of the sentence rejects several other routes to foreknowledge. This is a claim about intelligence gathering in the chapter's setting, not a general proof that testimony is always accurate.","question":"What qualifies the people from whom knowledge is to be obtained?","answer":"They know the enemy's actual situation; the description is closed by 者.","attribution":{"author":"zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes","status":"Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","revision":"0.12.0"}}],"editorial":{"author":"zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes","status":"Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","revision":"0.12.0"},"interpretationScope":"English is provided only for the quoted teaching excerpt; source passage remains unchanged."}}}