{"id":"laozi-023-0001","work":"laozi","chapter":"laozi-023","chapterTitle":"第二十三章","chapterNumber":23,"ordinal":1,"text":"希言自然。故飄風不終朝，驟雨不終日。孰為此者？天地。天地尚弗能久，而況於人乎？","source":{"repository":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR5c0057","commit":"8f585085ff4ef2580eeb0f4376a763a62bcc7a95","file":"KR5c0057_023.txt","lineStart":14,"lineEnd":21,"fileSha256":"9c2331d51a81c72e7d8a20b049db7509a401a4e4509263d06565efe2aa6d8bd9","edition":"tls","sourceLabels":["LAO 23.1; tr. D.C. Lau 19i2: 35; here tr. 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Consult the rest of the chapter before fixing the relation in English.","question":"Which modern gloss should not be inserted automatically for 自然?","answer":"The noun “nature”.","attribution":{"author":"zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes","status":"Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","revision":"0.12.0"}}],"previous":"laozi-022-0002","next":"laozi-023-0002","nearby":[{"id":"laozi-023-0001","ordinal":1,"text":"希言自然。故飄風不終朝，驟雨不終日。孰為此者？天地。天地尚弗能久，而況於人乎？","annotated":true},{"id":"laozi-023-0002","ordinal":2,"text":"故從事於道者，道者、同於道，德者、同於德，失者、同於失。同於道者、道亦樂得之，同於德者、德亦樂得之，同於失者、失亦樂得之。信不足，焉有不信（焉）。","annotated":false}],"related":[{"id":"lunyu-001-0003","workTitle":"論語","text":"本立而道生","reason":"Recover what the text leaves unstated"},{"id":"lunyu-001-0005","workTitle":"論語","text":"吾日三省吾身","reason":"Recover what the text leaves unstated"},{"id":"lunyu-001-0007","workTitle":"論語","text":"行有餘力，則以學文","reason":"Recover what the text leaves unstated"},{"id":"lunyu-001-0012","workTitle":"論語","text":"父在，觀其志；父沒，觀其行","reason":"Recover what the text leaves unstated"}],"knowledge":[],"connections":[],"phraseConnections":[{"phrase":"況於人乎","id":"hanfeizi-020-0139","route":"/classical/passage/hanfeizi-020-0139/","workTitle":"韓非子","chapterTitle":"解老第二十","text":"天地不能常侈常費，而況於人乎？故萬物必有盛衰，","cross":true,"frequency":2},{"phrase":"而況於人","id":"hanfeizi-030-0050","route":"/classical/passage/hanfeizi-030-0050/","workTitle":"韓非子","chapterTitle":"內儲說上七術第三十","text":"天失道，草木猶犯干之，而況於人君乎！」","cross":true,"frequency":3}],"studyRecord":{"route":"/classical/passage/laozi-023-0001/","text":"希言自然。故飄風不終朝，驟雨不終日。孰為此者？天地。天地尚弗能久，而況於人乎？","kind":"passage","script":"Hant","definitions":["希言自然 — Sparing speech is so of itself."],"mandarin":"","cantonese":[],"characters":[],"edition":"老子 · 第二十三章 · 1","dataset":"Kanseki Repository · KR5c0057","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR5c0057/blob/8f585085ff4ef2580eeb0f4376a763a62bcc7a95/KR5c0057_023.txt#L14-L21","source":{"line":14,"recordSha256":"2e0d9f715046fc2ef40ca85b871680876d623fd2044ba7a82fc859dd03dcad3d"},"classical":{"author":"Traditionally attributed to Laozi; composition and textual history are debated.","contributor":"Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.","source":{"repository":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR5c0057","commit":"8f585085ff4ef2580eeb0f4376a763a62bcc7a95","file":"KR5c0057_023.txt","lineStart":14,"lineEnd":21,"fileSha256":"9c2331d51a81c72e7d8a20b049db7509a401a4e4509263d06565efe2aa6d8bd9","edition":"tls","sourceLabels":["LAO 23.1; tr. D.C. Lau 19i2: 35; here tr. Karlgren 1975"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR5c0057/blob/8f585085ff4ef2580eeb0f4376a763a62bcc7a95/KR5c0057_023.txt#L14-L21","rawUrl":"/data/classical-0.12.0/sources/KR5c0057/KR5c0057_023.txt","author":"Traditionally attributed to Laozi; composition and textual history are debated.","contributor":"Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},"notes":[{"id":"r083","passage":"laozi-023-0001","quote":"希言自然","focus":"自然","start":0,"end":4,"focusStart":2,"topics":["ellipsis"],"translation":"Sparing speech is so of itself.","note":"The compressed phrase leaves the relation between its terms open to interpretation. 自然 can be read as spontaneously so, rather than the modern categorical noun “nature”. 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