{"id":"laozi-001-0001","work":"laozi","chapter":"laozi-001","chapterTitle":"第一章","chapterNumber":1,"ordinal":1,"text":"道可道，非恒道。名可名，非恒名。無名、天地之始，有名、萬物之母，故恒無欲，以觀其妙。恒有欲，以觀其徼。此兩者同出而異名。同謂之玄。玄之又玄，眾妙之門。","source":{"repository":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR5c0057","commit":"8f585085ff4ef2580eeb0f4376a763a62bcc7a95","file":"KR5c0057_001.txt","lineStart":14,"lineEnd":25,"fileSha256":"894bdf4ba53c468c19770f3b8ae0bae5b32fe339ea3e6bf46ca4e807bdd888ea","edition":"tls","sourceLabels":["LAO 1.1; tr. D.C. Lau 19i2: 3; here tr. Karlgren 1975"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR5c0057/blob/8f585085ff4ef2580eeb0f4376a763a62bcc7a95/KR5c0057_001.txt#L14-L25","rawUrl":"/data/classical-0.12.0/sources/KR5c0057/KR5c0057_001.txt","author":"Traditionally attributed to Laozi; composition and textual history are debated.","contributor":"Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},"route":"/classical/passage/laozi-001-0001/","notes":[{"id":"r061","passage":"laozi-001-0001","quote":"道可道，非恒道","focus":"道","start":0,"end":7,"focusStart":0,"topics":["negation","parallel"],"translation":"A way that can be articulated is not an enduring way.","note":"The repeated 道 shifts syntactic role: the middle occurrence is predicative. “Articulated” is one interpretive rendering; “followed as a way” is another line of interpretation. This witness has 恒, so a familiar 常 must not replace it silently.","question":"What edition-specific graph must be preserved here?","answer":"恒.","attribution":{"author":"zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes","status":"Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","revision":"0.12.0"}}],"previous":null,"next":"laozi-002-0001","nearby":[{"id":"laozi-001-0001","ordinal":1,"text":"道可道，非恒道。名可名，非恒名。無名、天地之始，有名、萬物之母，故恒無欲，以觀其妙。恒有欲，以觀其徼。此兩者同出而異名。同謂之玄。玄之又玄，眾妙之門。","annotated":true}],"related":[{"id":"lunyu-001-0002","workTitle":"論語","text":"未之有也","reason":"Keep different negatives apart"},{"id":"lunyu-001-0004","workTitle":"論語","text":"巧言令色，鮮矣仁","reason":"Let parallel clauses constrain a reading"},{"id":"lunyu-001-0012","workTitle":"論語","text":"父在，觀其志；父沒，觀其行","reason":"Let parallel clauses constrain a reading"},{"id":"lunyu-001-0018","workTitle":"論語","text":"不患人之不己知","reason":"Keep different negatives apart"}],"knowledge":[{"id":"dao-in-context","title":"Follow 道 without flattening its meanings"},{"id":"names-and-claims","title":"Names, reputations, and what words accomplish"},{"id":"witnesses-and-variants","title":"Read a witness, not an imaginary perfect text"}],"connections":[{"id":"dao-practice-predication","title":"A compact formula and a practitioner’s explanation","label":"Different contextual senses","reason":"The opening formula and Cook Ding’s narrative offer different kinds of evidence for interpreting 道."},{"id":"language-limits","title":"Using words to investigate words","label":"Question in common","reason":"Compare the formula about naming with the trap analogy and its final wish for conversation. No direct borrowing is asserted."},{"id":"source-forms","title":"Preserve the form before interpreting it","label":"Textual evidence","reason":"恒 and 无 are visible source forms. Their preservation does not by itself explain their textual history."},{"id":"names-and-their-conditions","title":"Naming under convention and under a paradox","label":"Different contextual senses","reason":"Xunzi addresses how agreed usage makes a name fitting; Laozi questions the constancy of names that can be named. Their shared 名 is an invitation to compare predicates and aims, not a warrant to assign one theory of language to both."}],"phraseConnections":[],"studyRecord":{"route":"/classical/passage/laozi-001-0001/","text":"道可道，非恒道。名可名，非恒名。無名、天地之始，有名、萬物之母，故恒無欲，以觀其妙。恒有欲，以觀其徼。此兩者同出而異名。同謂之玄。玄之又玄，眾妙之門。","kind":"passage","script":"Hant","definitions":["道可道，非恒道 — A way that can be articulated is not an enduring way."],"mandarin":"","cantonese":[],"characters":[],"edition":"老子 · 第一章 · 1","dataset":"Kanseki Repository · KR5c0057","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR5c0057/blob/8f585085ff4ef2580eeb0f4376a763a62bcc7a95/KR5c0057_001.txt#L14-L25","source":{"line":14,"recordSha256":"48564cba3dfc8efda9ef1dbac6546de5374a4e9045b273e5d53fa8dc63e3d103"},"classical":{"author":"Traditionally attributed to Laozi; composition and textual history are debated.","contributor":"Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.","source":{"repository":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR5c0057","commit":"8f585085ff4ef2580eeb0f4376a763a62bcc7a95","file":"KR5c0057_001.txt","lineStart":14,"lineEnd":25,"fileSha256":"894bdf4ba53c468c19770f3b8ae0bae5b32fe339ea3e6bf46ca4e807bdd888ea","edition":"tls","sourceLabels":["LAO 1.1; tr. D.C. Lau 19i2: 3; here tr. Karlgren 1975"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/kanripo/KR5c0057/blob/8f585085ff4ef2580eeb0f4376a763a62bcc7a95/KR5c0057_001.txt#L14-L25","rawUrl":"/data/classical-0.12.0/sources/KR5c0057/KR5c0057_001.txt","author":"Traditionally attributed to Laozi; composition and textual history are debated.","contributor":"Kanseki Repository (Kanripo) contributors; upstream base-edition labels retained in each original file.","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},"notes":[{"id":"r061","passage":"laozi-001-0001","quote":"道可道，非恒道","focus":"道","start":0,"end":7,"focusStart":0,"topics":["negation","parallel"],"translation":"A way that can be articulated is not an enduring way.","note":"The repeated 道 shifts syntactic role: the middle occurrence is predicative. “Articulated” is one interpretive rendering; “followed as a way” is another line of interpretation. This witness has 恒, so a familiar 常 must not replace it silently.","question":"What edition-specific graph must be preserved here?","answer":"恒.","attribution":{"author":"zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes","status":"Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","revision":"0.12.0"}}],"editorial":{"author":"zimai · AI-assisted editorial notes","status":"Editorial pilot · not independently reviewed","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","revision":"0.12.0"},"interpretationScope":"English is provided only for the quoted teaching excerpt; source passage remains unchanged."}}}